Fisher Supreme Court Flashcards

1
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

1803 - 1st time Sc declared a federal action unconstitutional. Established SC’s power of judicial review.

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2
Q

Brown v Board of Education

A

1954 - Separate schools for black and white students unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v Ferguson

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3
Q

National federation of Independent Business Vs Sebelius

A

2012 - Upheld most of Obama Care incl. individual mandate. Struck down provision that states would loose all Medicaid funding if they failed to expand it.

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4
Q

Bush v Gore

A

2000 - Ruled Florida’s recount after 2000 presidential election was unconstitutional under the equal protection cause of the 14th Amendment.

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5
Q

US vs Arizona

A

2012 - Struck down provisions of Arizona law requiring police to check immigration status of anyone if they had ‘reasonable suspicion’.

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6
Q

Rasul v Bush

A

Foreign detainees held at Guantanamo Bay did have access to US federal courts to challenge their detention.

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7
Q

Hamdan V Rumsfeld

A

Military commissions set up by Bush to try and hold people at Guan bay rules unconstitutional.

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8
Q

Boumediene v Bush

A

2008 - Procedures set up by Bush administration & Congress following Hamdan decision were inadequate to ensure detainees received their day in court.

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9
Q

National Labor Relations Board v Noel Canning

A

2014 - President lacked constitutional authority to make high-level executive branch appointments when Senate technically available to give advice & consent.

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10
Q

United States v Texas

A

2016 - Obama’s executive order Deferred Action for Parents of Americans & Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA) unconstitutional as it breached clause of Article 2 of the Constitution that required president to ‘take care the laws be faithfully executed’.

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11
Q

United States v Windsor

A

2013
Defense of Marriage Act (1996), which stated marriage between one man & one women, unconstitutional, as it denied federal benefits to married same-sex couples that were available to other married couples.

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12
Q

Obergefell v Hodges

A

2015
State bans on same-sex marriage violated 14th Amendment, which forbids states from denying equal protection of laws within the state

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13
Q

Shelby v Holder

A

2013
Struck down provision of Voting Rights Act (1965) that certain southern states must obtain preclearance from Justice Department before any changes to their voting laws.

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14
Q

Gonzales v Raich

A

2005
Ruled federal govt could ban growth of marijuana under commerce clause. Case arose after 2002 California legalised use of medical marijuana, even though it is illegal under federal law.

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15
Q

Roe v Wade

A

1973

Women had right to abortion under 14th Amendment right of ‘liberty’.

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16
Q

Gonzales v Carhart

A

2007
Upheld Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003, which banned procedure used in small number of later abortions, crushing skull of foetus.

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17
Q

Zelman v Simmons Harris

A

2002
Upheld Ohio’s ‘school voucher’ programme giving financial aid to parents to send children to religious or private schools.

18
Q

Town of Greece v Galloway

A

2014

Legislative bodies could begin meetings with prayer, even if they clearly favoured one religion.

19
Q

Burwell v Hobby Lobby

A

2014
Struck down provision of Obamacare that required family-owned corporations to pay for health insurance coverage of employees for contraception, as it violated Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) 1993.

20
Q

Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia v Comer

A

2017

Missouri should provide aid to church even though state constitution calls for separation of church & state.

21
Q

Buckley v Valeo

A

1976

Part of Federal Election Campaign Act (1974) that limited expenditure by presidential candidates was unconstitutional.

22
Q

McConnell v FEC

A

2003
Upheld provisions of Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) that banned use of ‘soft money’ (paid directly to a political party) for particular candidate

23
Q

Citizens United v FEC

A

2010

Business corporations & labour unions have same rights of political free speech as individuals.

24
Q

McCutcheon v FEC

A

2014

Struck down 1970s limit on total amount of money wealthy donors can contribute to candidates.

25
Q

District of Columbia v Heller

A

2008
The ‘right to keep and bear arms’ is individual right. Struck down a District of Columbia law restricting ownership & use of guns.

26
Q

McDonald v City of Chicago

A

2010

Under due process clause of 14th Amendment, right to bear arms cannot be infringed by state or local governments.

27
Q

Atkins v Virginia

A

2002

Execution of mentally disabled criminals infringed 8th Amendment, but SC did not define mental disability.

28
Q

Roper v Simmons

A

2005

Unconstitutional to sentence anyone to death for crime they committed when younger than 18.

29
Q

Baze v Rees

A

2008

Lethal injection not a ‘cruel and unusual punishment’.

30
Q

Moore v Texas

A

2017

Executing murderer Bobby Moore unconstitutional, as IQ testing used by Texas out of date & unreliable.

31
Q

University of California v Bakke

A

1978

Ruled out racial quotas in university admissions programmes, but left door open to race being considered.

32
Q

Gratz v Bollinger

A

2003
University of Michigan’s affirmative action-based admissions programme for undergraduates too ‘mechanistic’ (all black, Hispanic & American-Indian applicants awarded 20/ 150 points required).

33
Q

Grutter v Bollinger

A

2003

University of Michigan Law School’s admission programme constitutional as it used a more ‘individualised’ approach.

34
Q

Parents Involved & Meredith cases

A

2007

Unconstitutional to assign students to public schools solely for purpose of achieving racial balance.

35
Q

Fisher v University of Texas

A

2013
Upheld decision of university to reject Abigail Fisher, who argued she was victim of racial discrimination, as minority race students with less impressive grades were accepted.

36
Q

In 2010, state of union address Obama criticised the courts judgement in ………. v. ….

A

Citizens United v. FEC

37
Q

…….. a conservative, replaced …….., a liberals, in 2006 which moved balance towards the right giving the conservatives a 5-4 majority

A

Alito replaced O’Connor

38
Q

A ……… (State) county clerk named …… …….. Made national news for refusing to issue marriage licenses to same sex couples.

A

Kentucky

Kim Davis

39
Q

In Sessions v. Di Maya
……. Voted with the 4 liberals v. Federal government’s hard line position on a key provision of a deportation statute.

A

Gorsuch

40
Q

In ……% of Roberts court cases the decision struck down state laws and a further ……% of cases federal law was deemed to be unconstitutional.

A

27%

12%