nurture

Question 1

Nature argument

Answer 1

our genetics determine our behavior. Our traits and abilities are built within us.

Question 2

Nurture argument

Answer 2

Our environment, upbringing and life experiences determine our behavior. We are ‘nurtured’ to behave in certain ways.

Question 3

Behaviourism

Answer 3

a learning theory that focuses on the idea that actions are generally a response to external factors

Question 4

NURTURE: Pavlov’s dogs

Answer 4

• when introduced to food dog salivates
• Pavlov rang bell when food was introduced
• When ringing the bell the dog would salivate even without food
• conditioning

Question 5

NURTURE: Watson and Rayner- Little Albert

Answer 5

• A baby would be exposed to different animals and stimuli with no concern
• every time the baby would touch a white rat a loud noise would play behind him
• child developed a phobia of the rat associated with the noise he disliked.

Question 6

NURTURE:Skinner

Answer 6

• observed behavior of pidgeons as they tried to learn how to get the food they needed
• if pidgeon performs a particular action such as pressing a button, he gets food- pidgeon likely to repeat it
• proposed children learn to speak by imitating language, they learn what is correct from positive/negative reinforcement

Question 7

NURTURE:Bruner

Answer 7

• LASS
• scaffolding: the support and modelling given by caregivers
• framing: controlling the agenda of convo or making utterances that allow child to fill in the blanks.

Question 8

NURTURE: Bandura’s bobo doll study

Answer 8

-when children saw violent treatment of a doll prior to a period of play with the doll they were far more likely to imitate this behavior

Question 9

NURTURE: Vygotksy

Answer 9

• social interaction and experiencing different social and cultural contexts helps develop language
• Private speech: talks aloud to self, practicing what they are learning- goes underground when older
• use role play adult behavior to internalise more mature actions
• need caregiver help to reach proximal development

Question 10

NURTURE: Lennenburg

Answer 10

• critical period when child needs caregiver interactions

- must learn language before 5-6 or normal development not possible