nursing science lecture 2

Question 1

antigen

Answer 1

molecular marker on cell that make it visible to the immune system

Question 2

immunocompetence

Answer 2

capacity to make an effective response to antigen

Question 3

cytokine

give eg.

Answer 3

chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, also participate in innate immunity

eg.interleukins (ILs), leukotrienes, and interferons (IFNs)

Question 4

name 3 lines of defence

Answer 4

1. barriers
2. inflammation eg phagocytosis
3. adaptive eg natural killer cells

can occur concurrently

Question 5

chemotaxis

Answer 5

movement directed by chemical attraction

Question 6

diapedesis

Answer 6

movement of phagocytes from blood vessel to inflammation site

Question 7

complement

Answer 7

Group of plasma proteins (inactive enzymes) that produce a cascade of chemical reactions that ultimately causes lysis (rupture) of a foreign cell; the complement cascade can be triggered by adaptive or innate immune mechanisms

2.triggers complement cascade resulting in MAC (membrane attack complex)

Question 8

lysis

Answer 8

rupture of foreign cell

Question 9

complements can act as
1.
2.

Answer 9

1. anaphylatoxins to trigger inflammatory réponses

2. as an opsonin to mark microbes for phagocytosis

Question 10

Inflamatory response function

Answer 10

to isolate pathogens and stimulate speedy arrival of large numbers of immune cells

Question 11

neutrophil

Answer 11

first on the scene of inflammatory response. Leukocytes

Question 12

macrophage

Answer 12

enlarged monocytes capable of consuming many pathogens, can be specific to body area

Question 13

interferon

Answer 13

protein produced by cells after viral infection to inhibit spread

Question 14

Exam question? 3 lines of immune defence

Answer 14

1. barrier
2. inflamatory
3. adaptive