Nursing Research 2

Question 1

• Selecting a portion of the population (sample)
• Population (N), sample (n)
• Whole population: Census

Answer 1

Sampling

Question 2

What is the GOAL of Sampling?

Answer 2

Representativeness

Question 3

In Sample size,

What formula is used in Quantitative?
What is the formula?

Answer 3

Slovin’s formula
𝒏=𝑵/𝟏+𝑵𝒆𝟐
e=margin of error

Question 4

In Sample size,

• Data saturation: data repetitive (paulit-ulit na)
• don’t stop until you get enough

Answer 4

Qualitative

Question 5

Type of Sampling:

• Non-random
• Not all have the chance to be selected
• Low representativeness

Answer 5

Non-probability Sampling

**Probability sampling > Non-probability sampling

Question 6

Non-probability Sampling:

• most conveniently available people
• Biased, weakest, but most common

Ex: tatayo sa Starbucks maghahanap ng target people

Answer 6

Convenience

Question 7

Non-probability Sampling:

- Referrals

Answer 7

Snowball

Question 8

Non-probability Sampling:
- Strata (specific characteristics); non-random selection
Ex: age, year, height

Answer 8

Quota

Question 9

Non-probability Sampling:

• Hand-picking samples
• Inclusion(include) and exclusion
  (exclude) criteria

Answer 9

Purposive/judgmental

Question 10

Type of Sampling:

• Random
• All have chance to be selected.
• High representativeness

Answer 10

Probability Sampling

***Probability sampling > Non-probability sampling

Question 11

Probability Sampling:

• Sampling frame: list of population
  Ex: draw lots
  class list, attendance

Answer 11

Simple Random Sampling

Question 12

Probability Sampling:

• Sampling interval (k); every kth
  What is the formula?

Answer 12

Systematic Random Sampling

k=N/n

Question 13

Probability Sampling:

- Strata; random

Answer 13

Stratified Random Sampling

Question 14

Probability Sampling:

• Successive (sunod-sunod) random sampling
• Geographic locations

Answer 14

Cluster/ Multistage

Question 15

Data Collection Methods:

• Rating scales, checklists
• Participant observation: observe people in natural environment
• Problem: Hawthorne effect
• Knowledge of being observed -> Change
  in behavior - > Inaccurate results

Answer 15

Observation

Question 16

Data Collection Methods:

• Responses to questions, most common
• Quantitative: questionnaire
• Qualitative

a) ______ interview – list of topics/questions
b) ______ interview – no previous knowledge
c) _______ (FGD) – 5 to 10 people

Answer 16

Self-reports

a) Semi-Structured interview
b) Unstructured interview
c) Focus group discussions (FGD)

Question 17

Data Collection Methods:

• Assessment of clinical variables
  a) In vivo: within humans
  e.g., Blood pressure, Temp, PR, RR, O2
  saturation
  b) In vitro: extracted from humans
  e.g., ABGs, CBC, urine

Answer 17

Biophysiologic measures