Nursing Interventions: fluids and electrolytes

Question 0

The water portion of the body

Answer 0

Solvent

Question 1

The dissolved particles

Answer 1

Solutes

Question 2

55 to 60% of total adult bodyweight

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

40% or 15 L of total body water

Answer 3

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 4

60% or 25 L total body water

Answer 4

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 5

Movement of fluid through biological membrane; results from hydrostatic pressure differences on both sides of the membrane

Answer 5

Filtration

Question 6

Free movement of a substance, down a concentration gradient; no energy expended

Answer 6

Diffusion

Question 7

Diffusion of water only through a selectively permeable membrane from lower osmotic pressure to a higher osmotic pressure

Answer 7

Osmosis

Question 8

Assistant movement of a substance through a permeable membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy

Answer 8

Active transport

Question 9

Secreted by the adrenal cortex
Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney
Responds to low serum sodium, Low serum osmolarity

Answer 9

Aldosterone

Question 10

Synthesized by hypothalamus, released by posterior pituitary
Stimulation of ADH increases water absorption in the kidneys
Response to high sodium, high serum osmolarity

Answer 10

Antidiuretic hormone ADH

Question 11

Produced by special cells in the atria
Inhibits kidney reabsorption of sodium and increases GFR
Response to increased blood volume and blood pressure

Answer 11

Atrial naturetic hormone

Question 12

Type of ID fluid that treats hyponatremia

Answer 12

Hypertonic

Question 13

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 13

D5NS, D5 1/2 NS, 3% NaCl

Question 14

Type of IV fluid that expand intracellular compartment replaces free H2O sodium and chloride

Answer 14

Hypotonic

Question 15

Hypotonic solution

Answer 15

.45 NS

Question 16

Type of IV fluid that treats hypovolemia, replaces electrolytes, replaces free water, metabolized to hypotonic

Answer 16

Iso tonic

Question 17

Isotonic fluids

Answer 17

NS, LR, D5W

Question 18

Fluid imbalance

Extracellular fluid volume depletion equals decreased circulating blood volume

Answer 18

Hypovolemia

Question 19

Water and dissolved electrolytes are lost in equal amounts

Answer 19

Isotonic hypovolemia

Question 20

Water loss is greater than the electrolyte loss

Answer 20

Hypertonic Hypovolemia

Question 21

Electrolyte losses greater than Water loss

Answer 21

Hypotonic hypovolemia

Question 22

Hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, fistulas, abscesses, ileostomy, burns, NPO, G.I. suction Are causes of this type of hypovolemia

Answer 22

Isotonic hypovolemia

Question 23

Watery diarrhea, renal failure, ketoacidosis, DI, excessive hypertonic fluids, TF, fever are all causes of this type of Hypovolemia

Answer 23

Hypertonic hypovolemia

Question 24

Chronic illness, renal failure, chronic or severe malnutrition can be causes of this type of hypovolemia

Answer 24

Hypotonic hypovolemia