Nursing Health Differences Flashcards
What are the 6 six foundational concepts for nursing care?
1) Nutrition
2) Elimination
3) Oxygen
4) Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
5) Activity and Mobility
6) Rest and Sleep
Define the Nursing Process, and identify the steps in the nursing process. How do they relate to the ANA Standards of Practice?
The nursing process is an ongoing and systematic cycle of six sequential steps: assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation (interventions or strategies), and evaluation. The ANA considers the nursing process to be foundational to the practice of competent nursing care; the first six ANA standards incorporate basic nursing process steps.
Identify nine other import. standards of care expected of the registered professional nurse in the ANA Standards of Practice.
1) pursuing educational opportunities.
2) collaborating with pt., family, signif. other, other health care.
3) integrating experience, up-to-date research findings to ensure evidence-based nursing practice.
4) acting on behalf of pt/clients in ethical manner.
5) providing leadership.
6) effective communication with everyone involved.
7) evaluating own practice in regards to standards/statutes/regulations.
8) utilizing appropriate resources in a financially responsible manner.
9) promoting a safe health care environment.
What are the 3 categories of identified outcomes related to the nursing process?
The 3 categories of identified outcomes are health restoration, health maintenance, and health promotion.
What 3 basic components does a nursing diagnosis generally include?
In most cases, a nursing diagnosis will include an actual or potential problem and the etiology (probable cause) of the problem or potential condition of risk. Defining characteristics (known as signs or symptoms) which are derived from subjective and objective data obtained during assessment by the nurse.
3 basic components: acronym PIE (problem, etiology, signs/symptoms).
What are the macro-minerals found in the body?
The macrominerals are calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), and chlorine (Cl).
What are the microminerals found in the body?
The microminerals are iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), fluorine (F), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), and molybdenum (Mo).
What are the alkaline forming minerals?
Sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca) are the minerals that produce an alkaline (base) residue (ash). The foods that are base (alkaline) producing, with high levels of these minerals, include most fruits and vegetables. The exceptions are plums, prunes, and cranberries, which are acid-producing fruits.
What are the acid forming minerals?
The acid-forming elements are sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and chlorine (Cl). The foods containing the largest amounts of these minerals are the grains and protein foods (milk, cheese, meats, and eggs).
Minerals are found in water & in natural foods, as well as supplemental minerals.
What is Kwashiorkor?
Kwashiorkor – a severe deficiency of energy with an adequate supply of calories. Onset is usually between 1 – 4 years of age. Symptoms include thin, wasted extremities, prominent abdomen (ascites). Fatal deterioration may be caused by recurrent diarrhea, infection or circulatory failure.
What is Marasmus?
Marasmus – results from decreased intake of protein & calories – a syndrome of physical & emotional deprivation & is not confined to geographic areas where food is inadequate.
How are dextrose and fat emulsions administered?
Dextrose–protein solutions are given through an in-line filter. Fat emulsions should not be filtered; they are “piggybacked” into the IV line beyond the filter.
Why should large doses of vitamin C be avoided in pt’s with ARF?
Large doses of vitamin with should be avoided because urinary excretion is impaired. In addition, oxalate (a product of vitamin C catabolism) may precipitate in renal tubules or form calcium oxalate stones, obstruct urine flow, and worsen renal function.
What is given to CRF (Chronic renal failure) pt’s to prevent iron deficiency anemia?
In patients with CRF who are on hemodialysis and receiving supplemental erythropoietin therapy, sodium ferric gluconate complex (Ferrlecit) may be given IV during dialysis to treat iron deficiency anemia.
Regarding UTI’s, what is the antispasmodic given to children for which ages?
If an antispasmodic is needed, oxybutynin is indicated for children older than 5 years of age, and flavoxate can be used in children older than 12 years of age. Phenazopyridine is indicated as a urinary tract analgesic for children 6 to12 years of age.
