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Foundations of Nursing > Nursing Exam 2 > Flashcards

Nursing Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Estimated average requirements

A

amount of individual needs

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2
Q

Adequate intake

A

amount of intake by healthy people

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3
Q

Nutrients:

A

-building blocks for cells and tissues
-supply energy
-help manufacture, maintain, and repair cells

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

-primary energy source
-sugars (provides glucose)
-provides most of bodys energy and fiber

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5
Q

Proteins

A

-repairs cells
-builds tissues
-nitrogen balance
-amino acids

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6
Q

Lipids

A

-fat
-key components of lipoproteins
-back-up energy source
-organ insulation/protection

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7
Q

Micronutrients

A

-only need in small amounts
-regulate body functions

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8
Q

Water

A

-makes up large percentage of body weight
-transports substances
-maintains body temperature

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9
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

amount of energy required at rest

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10
Q

total energy needs

A

replacing calories used for BMR and physcial activity

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11
Q

Factors affecting nutrition:

A

-developmental stage
-educational level
-knowledge of nutrition

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12
Q

Screening

A

-24 hour recall
-food frequency
-food record

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13
Q

BMI

A

Overweight: 25-29.9
Obesity I: 30-34.9
Obesity II: 35-39.9
Obesity III and up: 40 and up

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14
Q

Nutrients provide energy for:

A
  • cellular metabolism
    -tissue repair
    -organ fxn
    -growth and development
    -physical activity
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15
Q

vitamins

A

-necessary for metabolism

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16
Q

What vitamins are fat-soluble?

A

A, D, E, K

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17
Q

What vitamins are water-soluble?

A

C and B complex

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18
Q

Minerals

A

complete essential biochemical reactions

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19
Q

Factors that affect nutrition/metabolism:

A

-religion/culture
-financial issues
-appetite
-disease
-medications
-age

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20
Q

Bulimia nervosa:

A

-binge eating followed by purging
-lack of control during binges

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21
Q

Binge-eating disorder:

A

-repeated episodes of binge eating
-loss of control followed by guilt
-often obese or overweight

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22
Q

BMI equation:

A

weight(kg)/height(m2)

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23
Q

feces

A

-semi-solid mass of fiber, undigested food, inorganic material

24
Q

Process of bowel elimination:

A
  1. poop reaches rectum
  2. stretch receptors initiate contraction of colon and rectal muscles
  3. internal sphincter relaxes
  4. sensory impulses cause voluntary bearing down
  5. external sphincter relaxes
25
Q

Ileostomy

A

a permanent diversion of the small intestine

26
Q

colostomy

A

-reversible
-for fecal incontinence

27
Q

To promote regular BM

A

-give privacy
-sit upright
-encourage fluids
-increase fiber
-exercise

28
Q

when are enemas used?

A

if PO products dont work

29
Q

cleansing enema:

A

clears out colon

30
Q

retention enemas:

A

you keep it in there for as long as you can and it helps soften stool

31
Q

return flow enemas:

A

You put an IV bag up and down and up and down
-removes gas and stimulates peristalsis

32
Q

when do toddlers gain bowel control?

A

2-3 years old

33
Q

older adults affect on bowel elimination

A

decreased peristalsis and the sphincter relaxes causing incontinence

34
Q

paralytic ileus

A

intestinal obstruction caused by reduced mobility

35
Q

what are causes of constipation?

A

-frequent laxative use
-older age
-dehydration
-low fiber
-pregnancy

36
Q

what are causes of diarrhea?

A

-gastroenteritis
-antibiotics
-IBD
-IBS

37
Q

in a fecal occult test, blue means?

A

positive for blood

38
Q

what is sleep vs rest?

A

-sleep is a state of altered consciousness, decreased motor activity, and selective response to external stimuli
-res is mild to no activity, relaxations that leads to a refreshed feeling

39
Q

sleep benefits:

A

-increases brain performance
-restores energy
-improves ability to cope
-strengthens immune systme

40
Q

circadian rhythm

A

-internal clock
-24 hour day and night sleep/wake pattern
-affects overall level of functioning

41
Q

reticular activating system

A

regulates arousal and sleep/wake transitions

42
Q

insomnia

A

inability to fall or stay asleep

43
Q

circadian disorders

A

abnormality in sleep/wake times
-jet lag, night shift, etc.

44
Q

Hypersomnia

A

-excessive sleeping
-sleep or disease related
-can be related to depression

45
Q

sleep apnea

A

-periodic loss of breathing for at least 10 seconds during sleep

46
Q

narcolepsy

A

-uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day
-chronic disorder caused by brains ineffectiveness in regulating sleep/wake cycles normally

47
Q

parasomnias

A

-sleepwalking/talking
-bruxism(clenching of teeth)
-night terrors
-enuresis(urinating involuntary at night)

48
Q

infection:

A

when microorganisms capable of producing disease(pathogens) invade the body

49
Q

Portal of exit can be:

A

-body fluids
-coughing, sneezing, diarrhea
-wounds

50
Q

mode of transmission examples:

A

-contact
-droplet
-airbone

51
Q

contact transmission

A

touching, kissing, sex

52
Q

droplet transmission

A

sneeze or cough

53
Q

airbone transmission

A

airconditioning or sweeping

54
Q

portals of entry can be:

A

eyes, nose, mouth, vagina, cuts, wounds, surgical sites, or a bite from a vector

55
Q

what is a susceptible host?

A

person with inadequate defenses

56
Q

incubation stage of infection:

A

from time of infection until symptoms start

Foundations of Nursing (3 decks)

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