NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD BORN WITH A PHYSICAL OR DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGE

Question 1

-Also known as “tongue tied”
-The abnormal restriction of tongue by abnormally tight frenulum

Answer 1

ANKYLOGLOSSIA

Question 2

-Failure of the maxillary & median nasal processes to fuse that range from small notch in the upper lip to total separation of lip & facial structure up into floor of the nose, with even upper teeth and gingiva absent

Answer 2

CLEFT LIP

Question 3

-Palate opening that is usually on the midline & involves anterior hard palate, posterior soft palate, or both

Answer 3

CLEFT PALATE

Question 4

A condition in which it is characterized by a triad of conditions:
-Micrognathia
-Cleft palate
-Glossoptosis

Answer 4

PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME

Question 5

Triad of Pierre Robin Syndrome

Answer 5

1. Micrognathia
2. Cleft palate
3. Glossoptosis

Question 6

It means small mandible

Answer 6

Micrognathia

Question 6

Glossoptosis

Answer 6

When tongue is malpositioned downwards

Question 7

It is when tongue is malpositioned downward

Answer 7

GLOSSOPTOSIS

Question 8

What is micrognathia

Answer 8

Small mandible

Question 9

It is also called anal stenosis. May be characterized by absence of anal opening

Answer 9

IMPERFORATE ANUS

Question 9

Orifice / passage in body that is closed or absent

Answer 9

ATRESIA

Question 10

Abnormal / surgically made passage between hollow or tubular organ & body surface, between 2 hollow or tubular organs

Answer 10

FISTULA

Question 10

Abdominal contents protruding through the wall of abdomen at the junction of umbilical cord and abdomen. Intestines are usually herniated but sometimes it included stomach & liver

Answer 10

OMPHALOCELE

Question 11

Obstruction of the esophagus

Answer 11

ESOPHOGEAL ATRESIA

Question 11

The abdominal wall disorder is a distance from the umbilicus, usually to the right, and abdominal organs are not contained by a membrane but rather spill freely from the abdomen

Answer 11

GASTROSCHISIS

Question 12

Presence of pyloric or intestinal stenosis

Answer 12

INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

Question 13

Stenosis means

Answer 13

“narrowing”

Question 14

Protrusion of an abdominal organ (usually the stomach or intestine) through a defect in the diaphragm into the chest cavity.

Answer 14

DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA

Question 14

Protrusion of a portion of the intestine through the umbilical ring, muscle, and fascia surrounding the umbilical cord

Answer 14

UMBILICAL HERNIA

Question 15

Excess of CSF in the ventricles or the subarachnoid space

Answer 15

HYDROCEPHALUS

Question 16

• A condition in which there is slow growth of the brain that falls more than 3x below normal on growth charts

Answer 16

MICROCEPHALY

Question 16

Most common manifestation of Hydrocephalus

Answer 16

CUSHING TRIAD:

• Hypertension
• Bradycardia
• Irregular breathing

Question 16

if the fluid reaches the spinal cord

Answer 16

EXTRA VENTRICULAR HYDROCEPHALUS / Communicating Hydrocephalus

Question 16

Signs of increased intracranial pressure

Answer 16

• Temperature (UP)
• Pulse (DOWN)
• Respi (DOWN)
• Blood pressure (UP)

Question 17

-Latin word which means “divided spine” -Happens when the posterior laminae of the vertebrae fail to fuse

Answer 17

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 18

-Is the spinal cord & meninges protruding the vertebrae same with meningocele

Answer 18

MYELOMENINGOCELE

Question 19

-When the meninges herniate through unformed vertebrae -Protruding mass appears and usually have some size of an orange at the center of the back

Answer 19

MENINGOCELE

Question 19

-A cranial meningocele or myelomeningocele -The disorder occurs most often in the occipital area of the skull but may occur as nasal or nasopharyngeal disorder

Answer 19

ENCEPHALOCELE

Question 19

A form of hip dysplasia where femoral head is not in contact w/ acetabulum

Answer 19

DISLOCATION

Question 20

- Absence of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 20

ANENCEPHALY

Question 20

-Caused by overgrowth of the neural tube in 16th to 20th weeks of fetal life

Answer 20

ARNOLD-CHIARI DISORDER

Question 21

Types of developmental hip dysplasia

Answer 21

1. Acetabular dysplasia - mildest form (femoral head remains in acetabulum) 2. Subluxation - most common (femoral head partially displaced) 3. Dislocation - femoral head not in contact w/ acetabulum

Question 21

Caused by hip underdevelopment or imperfect hip - The femur head doesn’t lie deep enough within acetabulum & slips out in movement

Answer 21

DEVELOPMENTAL HIP DYSPLASIA

Question 21

Mildest form of hip dysplasia where femoral head REMAINS in acetabulum

Answer 21

ACETABULAR DYSPLASIA

Question 22

Signs to watch out for when determining hip dysplasia

Answer 22

1. ORTOLANI'S SIGN - if hip is dislocated, a clunk will be heard once it is relocated 2. GALEAZZI'S SIGN - one knee appears lower than the other

Question 22

What are some finger & toe conditions?

Answer 22

1. Polydactyly - presence of one or additional fingers or toes. 2. Syndactyly - when two fingers or toes are fused

Question 22

Most common form of hip dysplasia where femoral head is partially displaced

Answer 22

SUBLUXATION

Question 23

-This condition can result from ingestion of maternal drug, viral invasion, and amniotic band formation

Answer 23

ABSENT & MALFORMED EXTREMITIES

Question 23

Characterized by presence of one or additional fingers or toes. Usually amputated off early

Answer 23

POLYDACTYLY

Question 24

Characterized by when two fingers or toes are fused

Answer 24

SYNDACTYLY

Question 25

Give kinds of chest deviations

Answer 25

1. Pectus excavatum - indentation of the lower portion of sternum 2. Pectus Carinatum - when the sternum is displaced anteriorly, increasing AP diameter of the chest

Question 26

There is indentation of the lower portion of sternum

Answer 26

PECTUS EXCAVATUM

Question 27

when the sternum is displaced anteriorly, increasing AP diameter of the chest

Answer 27

PECTUS CARINATUM

Question 28

- Occurs as a congenital anomaly when the sternocleidomastoid muscle is injured and bleeds during birth

Answer 28

TORTICOLLIS (WRY NECK)

Question 29

- Sutures of the skull is closing prematurely and may occur in utero or early infancy

Answer 29

CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS

Question 30

Also called as "chondrodystrophia" or failure of bone growth inherited as a dominant trait. Happens when epiphyseal plate of long bones can’t produce adequate cartilage for longitudinal bone growth This results in stunting of both arms & legs

Answer 30

ACHONDROPLASIA