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NCM-109 > NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY EXPERIENCING A SUDDEN PREGNANCY COMPLICATION > Flashcards

NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY EXPERIENCING A SUDDEN PREGNANCY COMPLICATION Flashcards

1
Q
  • Suddenly developing pathologic condition in a patient due to an accident or disease, which requires urgent medical or surgical therapeutic intervention.
A

OBSTETRIC EMERGENCY

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2
Q

Pregnancy changes (3)

A

HYPERDYNAMIC
HYPERVOLUMIC
MATERNAL CIRCULATION

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3
Q

Cardiac output increases by____
Blood volume increases by ___

A
  • Cardiac output: increases by 50%
  • Blood volume: increases by 45%
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4
Q

commonly used to categorize severity of heart disease

A

NEW YOUR HEART ASSOCIATION CRITERIA

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5
Q
  • Left ventricle can’t move the volume of blood forward received by left atrium from the pulmonary circulation.

Blood goes back to the lung due to stenosis

A

LEFT-SIDED HEART FAILURE

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6
Q

Conditions that causes left-sided heart failure

A
  1. Mitral Stenosis
  2. Mitral Insufficiency
  3. Aortic coarctation
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7
Q

to allow fluid to settle to the bottom of the woman’s lungs and free spaces for gas exchange

A

ORTHOPNEA

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8
Q

sudden waking at night due to shortness of breath

A
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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9
Q
  • Occurs when the output of the right ventricle is less than the blood volume received by the right atrium from the vena cava
  • Back-pressure from this results in congestion of the systemic venous circulation and decreased cardiac output to the lungs
  • Usually happens when there is left-sided heart failure
A

RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE

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10
Q

Implications of right-sided heart failure (3)

A

o Distended liver & spleen
o Ascites
o Peripheral edema

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11
Q

Cardiovascular System Assessment (7)

A
  • Level of exercise
  • Presence of cough or edema
  • Comparison of baseline vital signs
  • Liver size (right-sided heart failure involvement)
  • ECG / Echocardiogram
  • Fetal size (small for gestational age) & poor response to labor (FHR decelerations)
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12
Q

This places both woman & fetus at high risk because fetal well-being can be compromised by poor placental perfusion during pregnancy

A

CHRONIC HYPERTENSION

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13
Q

Increases during pregnancy cuz of combination of stasis of blood in lower extremities from uterine pressure & hypercoagulability

A

VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE

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14
Q

High Risk Pregnancy: Cardiovascular System (5)

A
  1. Left sided heart failure
  2. Right sided heart failure
  3. Chronic hypertensive vascular disease
  4. Artificial valve prosthesis
  5. Venous thromboembolic vascular disease
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15
Q

If left untreated = unovulatory & unable to conceive

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

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16
Q

This medication supplements lack of thyroid hormone

A

LEVYTHYROXINE

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17
Q

This is characterized by:

  • If untreated = unovulatory & unable to conceive
  • If able to conceive = difficulty increasing thyroid functioning to a necessary pregnancy level
  • Spontaneous miscarriage
  • Easily fatigued & obesity
  • Dry ski (myxedema)
  • Low tolerance for cold
  • Increased incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum
A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

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18
Q

This is characterized by:

o Rapid HR
o Exopthalmos (protruding eyeballs)
o Heat intolerance
o Nervousness
o Heart palpitations
o Weight loss

A

HYPERTHYROIDISM (GRAVE’S DISEASE)

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19
Q

This drug is preferred for pregnant women in treating hyperthyroidism

A
  • Methimazole
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20
Q
  • Disorder in which pancreas can’t produce adequate insulin to regulate body glucose levels
A

DIABETES MELLITUS

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21
Q
  • Diabetes due to pregnancy
A

GESTATIONAL DIABETES (GDM)

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22
Q

Problems of diabetes in pregnancy (7)

A
  1. Birth defects
  2. Extra large baby
  3. C-section
  4. High blood pressure
  5. Preterm birth
  6. Miscarriage / still birth
  7. Low blood sugar
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23
Q

A test in which Oral 50-glucose load is ingested

A

ORAL GLUCOSE CHALLENGE TEST

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24
Q

After 1 hr, if serum glucose level is _______ = schedule for 100-g, 3-hr fasting glucose tolerance test

A

> 140 mg/dl

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25
Pregnant glucose level
FASTING - 95 1 HR - 180 2 HRS - 155 3 HRS -140
26
HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (4)
1. Hypothyroidism 2. Hyperthyroidism 3. Diabetes mellitus
27
- Most common anemia of pregnancy
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
28
Anemia due to folic acid deficiency
FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
29
It is necessary for normal formation of RBCs in mother; prevents neural defects in fetus.
FOLIC ACID
30
Anemia which causes enlarged RBCs
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
31
Recessively inherited hemolytic anemia caused by an abnormal amino acid in the beta chain of hemoglobin - Majority of RBC are irregular or sickle shaped so they can’t carry as much hemoglobin as can normally shaped RBC
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
32
HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS (3)
1. Iron deficiency anemia 2. Folic-acid deficiency anemia 3. Sickle cell anemia
33
During pregnancy, ureters dilate from the effect of progesterone causing stasis of urine that can lead to _____
UTI -Urinary tract infection
34
Infection of the pelvis of the kidney
PYELONEPHRITIS
35
HIGH RISK PREGNANCY: RENAL & URINARY DISORDERS
1. UTI 2. CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE
36
- Tends to be more sever during pregnancy bcs of estrogen stimulation that causes some degree of nasal congestion.
ACUTE NASOPHARYNGITIS (Common Cold)
37
- Caused by a virus, identified as Type A, B, C. - Spreads in epidemic form and is accompanied by high fever, extreme prostration, back pains, pains in extremities, sore, raw throat
INFLUENZA
38
- Bacterial / viral invasion of lung tissue by pathogens such as S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, mycoplasma pneumoniae
PNEUMONIA
39
- Associated w/ high incidences of spontaneous miscarriage, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction
SEVERE ACURE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS)
40
- Lung tissue is invaded by mycobacterium tuberculosis
TUBERCULOSIS
41
- Constriction of the airway associated with long-term cigarette smoking
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
42
- A disorder marked by reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyper reactivity, and airway inflammation
ASTHMA
43
HIGH RISK PREGNANCY: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
1. Acute nasopharyngitis 2. Influenza 3. Pneumonia 4. SEVERE ACURE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS) 5. Asthma 6. Tuberculosis 7. COPD
44
Leading Complications of Pregnancy: (5)
 Hemorrhage  Thromboembolism  Infection  Hypertension of pregnancy  Ectopic pregnancy
45
any interruption of a pregnancy before fetus is viable.
ABORTION
46
expelled embryo/fetus
ABORTUS
47
Types of spontaneous miscarriage
 Threatened  Inevitable  Complete  Incomplete  Missed  Septic
48
* Involuntary loss of the product of conception prior 28 wks of gestation when the fetus weighs approximately 1000gm or less
SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE
49
Miscarriage that occurs before week 16 of pregnancy
* Early miscarriage
50
Miscarriage that occurs occurs between weeks 16-24
Late miscarriage
51
Miscarriage that can still be conserved / saved * Possibility of continuation of pregnancy on proper and timely management
THREATENED MISCARRIAGE
52
* This happens when the treatment of threatened miscarriage is not adequately or timely managed * Uterine contractions and cervical dilatation occurs and products of expulsion can’t be stopped on examination. Products may be see in vagina
IMMINENT (INEVITABLE) MISCARRIAGE
53
* Some part of tissue (fragment) is left within the uterus during the process of miscarriage while other parts may be expelled such as membrane or placenta
INCOMPLETE MISCARRIAGE
54
* Entire products of conception (fetus, membranes, placenta) are expelled spontaneously without any assistance
COMPLETE MISCARRIAGE
55
* Referred to as “Early pregnancy failure” * Fetus dies in utero but is not expelled
MISSED MISCARRIAGE
56
- When 3 or more miscarriage occur spontaneously
RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS
57
Complications of miscarriage
1. Hemorrhage 2. Infection 3. Septic abortion 4. Isoimmunization 5. Powerlessness or Anxiety
58
A complication which is rare in complete spontaneous miscarriage
HEMORRHAGE
59
- Develops in women who lost appreciable amounts of blood
INFECTION
60
Danger signs of infection
o Fever o Abdominal pain / tenderness o Foul vaginal discharge
61
- Abortion that is complicated by infection
SEPTIC ABORTION
62
- If fetus is Rh(+) and woman is Rh(-), Rh(+) blood enters maternal circulation and cause ______
ISOIMMUNIZATION
63
- Sadness and grief over the loss or a feeling that a woman has lost control of her life
POWERLESSNESS OR ANXIETY

NCM-109 (9 decks)

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