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Medical surgical Respiratory > Nursing Assessment: Respiratory System Exam 2 > Flashcards

Nursing Assessment: Respiratory System Exam 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of
Respiratory System

A

Gas Exchange

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2
Q

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory tract

Lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

What is included in the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose

Mouth

Pharynx

Epiglottis

Larynx

Trachea

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4
Q

What is the signifigance of the Carina and mainstem bronchus?

A

It is very sensitive. It will initiate an extreme cough when deep sunctioning

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5
Q

What is included in the lower respiratory tract?

A

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveoli

Lung lobes

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6
Q

Parts of the airway conducting and respiratory

A
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7
Q

Pulmonary Functional Unit

A
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8
Q

Pulmonary blood supply includes…..

A

Pulmonary

Bronchial-

Bronchial circulation is where oxygen is givent ot the bronchi and other pulmonary tissue

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9
Q

Whats included in the chest wall?

A

Ribs

Pleura

Diaphragm

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10
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

The Alveoli

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11
Q

What is considered “dead space” and why

A

The trachea and Bronchi because ther is no gas exchange

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12
Q

What is the purpose of an incentive spirometer?

A

Alveolar cells secrete surfactant when stretched. The purpose of IS is to stretch the aveoli and increase lung capacity decreasing chances of a collasped lung and infection

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13
Q

What are the 3 parts of the physiology of respiration?

A

Ventilation

Compliance

Diffusion

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14
Q

What occurs in ventilation?

A

Inspiration

Expiration

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15
Q

What is compliance?

A

How much your langs can expand

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16
Q

What occurs in diffusion?

A

CO2 and O2 go back and forth

until equilibrium is achieved

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17
Q

What are ways to check Blood oxygen levels?

A

Arterial blood gases

Mixed venous blood gases

Oximetry

18
Q

PaO2 And SpO2 critical levels

A
19
Q

What does SpO2 and PaO2 Messure?

A

SpO2= Tissue perfusion

PaO2= partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

20
Q

What is included in the objective data in assessment of the upper respiratory tact?

A

Nose

Mouth and pharynx

Neck

21
Q

Steps to assess the thorax and lungs

A

Inspection

Palpation

Percussion

Ausculation

22
Q

Whats involved in Insepction?

A
  1. any evidence of respiratory distress, such as tachypnea or use of accessory muscles.
  2. the shape and symmetry of the chest. Chest movement should be equal on both sides
  3. pectus carinatum [a prominent protrusion of the sternum
  4. pectus excavatum [an indentation of the lower sternum above the xiphoid process]
  5. respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm.
23
Q

Whats involved in palpation?

A
  1. Palpation-Normal Expansion is 1 inch-2.54 cm-feel for tactile fremitus
  2. used to determine tracheal position
24
Q

How should percussion and asculation of the chest be done?

A

Percussion and auscultation of the chest should be performed in a planned sequence from top to bottom. It is important to compare sounds side to side

25
Q

How do you percuss the lungs?

A

tap over lung tissue

26
Q

How to asculate breath sounds

A

instruct the patient to breathe slowly and a little deeper than normal through the mouth. Auscultation should proceed from the lung apices to the bases, comparing opposite areas of the chest, unless the patient is in respiratory distress or will tire easily; if so, start at the bases.

27
Q

What is another word for abnormal breath sounds?

A

Adventitious Sounds

28
Q

Examples of Adventitious breath sounds

A

Fine crackles-Sounds like rubbing your hair together

Coarse crackles-bubbling

Rhonchi-rumbling/snoring sound

Wheezes-high pitch and squeaky

Stridor-obstruction of larynx&trachea-Sounds like a crow

Pleural friction rub-Grating/creaking sound. If you hear it while holding your breath its cardiac*********

29
Q

What are normal breath sounds?

A

vesicular

bronchovesicular

bronchial

30
Q

What is vesicular breath sounds?

A

sounds that are relatively soft, low-pitched, gentle, rustling sounds. They are heard over all lung areas except the major bronchi. Vesicular sounds have a 3:1 ratio, with inspiration 3 times longer than expiration

31
Q

What are Bronchovesicular sounds

A

They have a medium pitch and intensity and are heard anteriorly over the mainstem bronchi on either side of the sternum and posteriorly between the scapulae. Bronchovesicular sounds have a 1:1 ratio, with inspiration equal to expiration

32
Q

What are Bronchial Sounds?

A

Bronchial sounds are louder and higher pitched and resemble air blowing through a hollow pipe. Bronchial sounds have a 2:3 ratio with a gap between inspiration and expiration. This reflects the short pause between the respiratory cycles. To hear the likeness of bronchial breath sounds, place the stethoscope alongside the trachea in the neck.

33
Q

What are some Diagnostic Studies
of Respiratory System?

A

Sputum Studies:

Spontaneous

Induced Sputum with hypertonic saline solution

Skin Tests

Allergies

TB

Bronchoscopy-

Deeper sunctioning

34
Q

What is bronchoscopy?

A
  • Bronchoscopy is a procedure in which the bronchi are visualized through a fiberoptic tube.
  • Bronchoscopy may be used for diagnostic purposes to obtain biopsy specimens and assess changes resulting from treatment. Small amounts (30 mL) of sterile saline may be injected through the scope and withdrawn and examined for cells, a technique termed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
  • Bronchoscopy is also used for treatment. For example, mucous plugs or foreign bodies can be removed. Laser therapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy, and stents may be placed through a bronchoscope to achieve patency of an airway that has been completely or partially obstructed by tumors.

Bronchoscopy can be performed in an outpatient procedure room, in a surgical suite, or at the bedside in the intensive care unit or on a medical-surgical unit, with the patient lying down or seated. After the nasal pharynx and oral pharynx are anesthetized with local anesthetic, the bronchoscope is coated with lidocaine (Xylocaine) and inserted, usually through the nose, and threaded down into the airways.

Bronchoscopy can be done on mechanically ventilated patients through the endotracheal tube

35
Q

Other Diagnostic Studies
of Respiratory System

A

Lung Biopsy

Transbronchial

Percutaneous/transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA)

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)

Open biopsy

36
Q

Transbronchial Biopsy

A
37
Q

Thoracentesis

A
38
Q

What isThoracentesis?

A

Aspiration of pleural fluid or air from pleural space

Stinging sensation and feeling of pressure

Correct position

Motionless patient

Follow-up assessment for
complications

Hold anticoagulants

39
Q
A
40
Q
A

Medical surgical Respiratory (10 decks)

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