NURSING AS AN ART Flashcards
The ______ refers to the highly valued qualities of care, communication and compassion. (three core principles guiding nursing practice)
art of nursing
These principles encompass all aspects of patient care, including bio psychosocial needs, cultural preferences and spiritual needs.
Nursing as an Art
concerned on how nurses express care to their patients
Jean Watson Theory of Caring
stresses humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice
Jean Watson Theory of Caring
According to ______, caring is central to nursing practice, and promotes health better than a simple medical cure.
Jean Watson
She believes that a holistic approach to health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing.
Jean Watson
SOCIAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF NURSES IN RELATION TO CARING:
• The nurse must care for the self to care for others.
• Nurses must remain committed to human care ideals.
• Cultivation of a higher/deeper self and higher consciousness to caring.
• Human care can only be demonstrated through interpersonal relationship.
• Education and practice systems must be based on human values and concern for the welfare of others.
The theory aims at helping nursing personnel to deliver care that promotes dignity, respect, and empowerment.
Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring and Healing
This model was framed to ensure consistent caring behaviors which would, in turn, improve patient satisfaction.
Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring and Healing
According to Swanson, ____ is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other towards whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.
Caring
Caring is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other towards whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility, according to _____
Kristen Swanson
According to her, caring is growth and health-producing (nurturing) occurs in relationships (relating) to the one cared for (a valued other); individualized and intimate (personal), with a sense of commitment (passion), accountability and duty (responsibility).
Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring and Healing
KRISTEN SWANSON’S THEORY OF CARING AND HEALING— CARING PROCESSES
- Knowing
- Being-with
- Doing for
- Enabling
- Maintaining Belief
It involves a thorough assessment of all the aspects of a patient’s condition and reality, engaging the self or person-hood of the nurse as well as the patient, in a caring style of approach.
Knowing
When the process knowing occurs, there develops a bond of _____ and _____ between the care provider and the care recipient.
empathy and understanding
_____ is a technique by which the nurse shares the meanings, feelings and lived experience of the one-cared for.
emotional presence
the message is, “you are not alone, what happens to you matters to us and we are here for you”.
Being-with
the real meaning of doing for is found in the definition of nursing:
“The unique function of a nurse is to assist the individual, sick of well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that s/he would perform unaided if s/he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help her/him gain independence as rapidly as possible.”
Doing for
____ refers to the activities in which a nurse engages with patients for what they would do for themselves if at all it were possible to them.
doing for
this process include comforting patients, anticipating their needs, performing procedures skillfully, protecting them from harm and ultimately preserving their human dignity.
Doing for
facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions and unfamiliar events.
Enabling
_____ fosters an environment of self-healing.
enabling
this process enhances the patient’s capacity to heal, actualize oneself and in particular practice self-care.
Enabling
The cornerstone of enabling is ______
appropriate communication with patients and their families.
an orientation to caring begins with a fundamental belief in persons and their capacity to get through events and transitions and face their future with meaning.
Maintaining Belief
is the base or foundation for the practice of nursing care.
Maintaining Belief
whatever health conditions the patient is facing, a nurse believes in her/his capacity and power to accept or welcome upcoming days with meaning
Maintaining Belief
The theory emphasizes the importance of increasing the patient’s independence so that progress after hospitalization would not be delayed.
Virginia Henderson Needs Theory
Her emphasis on basic human needs as the central focus of nursing practice has led to further theory development regarding the needs of the patient and how nursing can assist in meeting those needs.
Virginia Henderson Needs Theory
Focuses on caring as a philosophical concept and proposes that caring is the human mode of being.
Caring, the Human Mode of Being by Roach
All individuals are caring, and develop their caring abilities by being true to self, being real and being who they truly are.
Caring, the Human Mode of Being by Roach
_______ proposed that “we care, not because we are nurses, physicians, social workers, parents, etc., we care because we are human beings.
Roach
Roach suggested that there are 6 attributes to caring, referred to as the _____
6Cs in caring
SIX C’S OF CARING
- Compassion
- Competence
- Confidence
- Commitment
- Conscience
- Comportment
Is the suffering we experience through another’s suffering and our desire to help. It allows nurses to “treat people as individuals and not as a disease”.
Compassion
_____ lies in the way in which nurses provide care that respects human rights of all background, age and race.
Compassion
______ - attempts to identify with another understand something as experienced by another.
Empathy
______ nurse meets standard that promote quality care based on contemporary, relevant and well founded knowledge.
Competence
A _______ nurse will then use this evidence based knowledge coupled with interpersonal skills such as compassion and confidence to work ethically, legally and within their own scope of practice.
competent
Having the knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience and motivation, required to respond adequately to the demands of one’s professional responsibilities.
Competence
Is our trust and understanding of our own competence.
Confidence
_______is built through experience, practice and development of knowledge.
Confidence
A _____ nurse has a strong belief in self, conscience and in how their work has a positive contribution to the patient and the community.
confident
_____ with self, client and others that allows one to build trusting relationships.
Comfort
is the ability to treat every task, every moment and every interaction with the highest level of care.
Commitment
As a nurse we have moral and ethical commitment to provide holistic care that is _____ and aligns with a person’s care and concerns and we have an overall commitment and responsibility to ensure the delivery of safe and quality care.
person-centered
The deliberate choice to act in accordance with one’s desires as well as obligations, resulting in investment of self in a task or cause.
Commitment
Our sense of right or wrong within our scope of practice.
Conscience
It obliges a nurse to do their duty for the sake of the patient. As the nurse’s primary professional responsibility is to people requiring nursing care.
Conscience
Morals, ethics, and an informed sense of right and wrong and awareness of personal responsibility.
conscience
Is our professional presentation. It’s our appearance, attitude and how we behave.
Comportment
Nurses must monitor and promote personal health through self care in order to care for others.
Comportment
Appropriate bearing, demeanor, dress and language that are in harmony with a caring presence.
Comportment
Presenting oneself as someone who respects others and demands respect.
comportment
focuses on each “individual’s ability to perform self-care, defined as ‘the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being.’”
Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit
Theory
Orem’s Self-Care Theory 4 Conditioning Factors
- Self Care
- Self Care Agency
- Self Care demands
- Nursing Agency
______ is the human’s ability or power to engage in self-care and is affected by basic conditioning factors.
Self-care agency
_____ is the performance or practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being.
Self-care
_____ is the totality of “self-care actions to be performed for some duration in order to meet known self-care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of actions and operations.”
Therapeutic Self-care Demand
____ is a complex property or attribute of people educated and trained as nurses that enables them to act, to know, and to help others meet their therapeutic self-care demands by exercising or developing their own self-care agency.
Nursing Agency
______ are age, gender, developmental state, health state, socio-cultural orientation, health care system factors, family system factors, patterns of living, environmental factors, and resource adequacy and availability.
Basic conditioning factors
BASIC CONDITIONING FACTORS:
age, gender, developmental state, health state, socio-cultural orientation, health care system factors, family system factors, patterns of living, environmental factors, and resource adequacy and availability.
The major purpose of care is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual that will facilitate the development of the core.
Care, Core and Cure Nursing
Theory of Lydia Hall
Women engage in “care reasoning,” not “justice reasoning,” and thus consider their own and other’s responsibilities to be grounded in social context and interpersonal commitments.
Gilligan’s Theory Of Feminine
Morality
_____ argued that women’s moral judgments necessarily include feelings of compassion and empathy for others, as well as concern for commitments that arise out of relationships.
Gilligan
STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Level 1: Self-Oriented
Level 2: Other Oriented
Level 3: Universal Oriented
The survival of oneself is of sole concern.
Self-oriented
Focus is on the needs of others
Level 2: Other Oriented
The self-adopts the traditional conception of feminine goodness, the maternal morality of self-sacrifice, whereby the good is equated with caring for others.
Level 2: Other Oriented
Focus is on the universal obligation of caring.
Level 3: Universal Oriented
Caring for oneself and others is seen as intertwined because the self and others are recognized as interdependent. Thus, all acts of caring are seen as beneficial to both self and others.
Level 3: Universal Oriented
Care according to _____ “is a distinct, dominant, unifying, and central focus of nursing.”
Leininger
Her theory of culture care diversity and universality is based on the assumption that nurses must understand different cultures in order to function effectively.
Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
CARING PATTERNS
- KNOWING THE CLIENT
- NURSING PRESENCE
- EMPOWERING THE CLIENT
- COMPASSION
- COMPETENCE
MAINTAINING CARING PRACTICE
- CARING FOR SELF
Purpose of Communication
• To collect assessment data
• To initiate intervention
• To evaluate outcome of intervention
• To initiate change which help in promoting health
• To take measures for preventing legal problems associated with nursing practice
• To analyze factors affecting the health team
Personal knowledge of the client is a key in the caring relationship between nurse and client.
Knowing the client
Establishment of caring relationship depends on a moral commitment by the nurse and the nurse’s ability to assess and realize another person’s state of being.
Nursing Presence
Authentic presence involves empathy and openness to positive or negative feelings, non-possessive warmth, a relaxed posture and facial expression that are congruent with other communications.
Nursing Presence
The empowering relationship includes mutual respect, trust and confidence in the abilities and motives.
Empowering the client
The empowering relationship includes ________ in the abilities and motives.
mutual respect, trust and confidence
They empower the clients and families through activities that enhance well-being, understanding and self-care.
Empowering the client
involves participating in the client’s experience, with sensitivity to the person’s pain or discomfort, and a willingness to share in their experience.
Compassion
is given as part of the caring relationship, as the nurse shares the client’s joys, sorrows, pain and accomplishments.
compassion
Attention to ______ is a part of compassionate care particularly in the face of death and bereavement.
spiritual needs
_____ means taking time to nurture oneself which involves initiating and maintaining behaviors that promotes healthy living and wellbeing
Caring for self
Examples of Caring for self:
Healthy lifestyle
Mind-body therapies
exchanging information, thoughts, and feelings among people using speech or other means.
communication in nursiny
Having _____ is essential to collaborating on teams with your fellow nurses and colleagues from other disciplines. It’s also important to patient-centered care.
good communication skills
______ in healthcare can lead to patients misunderstanding directions and failing to follow treatment protocols. It can also lead to workflow breakdowns on the team, resulting in a medical error.
poor communication / lack of communication
Effective Communication Skills examples
Active Listening
Nonverbal Communication
Verbal Communication
Presentation Skills
Trust
Patient Education
Personal Connections
Compassion
Cultural Awareness
Written Communication
Aim to always speak with clarity, accuracy, and honesty.
Verbal Communication
Encourage patients to communicate by asking open questions like, “Can you tell me a bit more about that?”
Verbal communication
In communicating verbally, avoid ______ like “honey” or “sweetie” and instead use the patient’s first name or name of choice.
condescending pet names
In communicating verbally, speak in ______ and avoid technical jargon.
clear, complete sentences
elements of nonverbal communication-such as:
facial expressions, eye contact, body language, gestures, posture
_____ includes both verbal and nonverbal communication skills.
Active listening
Are essential for effective nurse-to-nurse communication.
written communication
These skills will also help you demonstrate your knowledge and expertise clearly in a variety of workplace settings, such as presenting at conferences, participating in job interviews, giving case reports to physicians
Presentation skills
This skill is especially important for nurses who work with patients and families to provide health and education counseling.
Patient education
This includes informing patients and family members of health conditions, diagnoses, treatment plans, and medication protocols.
Patient education
_____ is an effective communication strategy where providers ask patients to repeat the information back to them.
Patient Teach-back
This method improves patient understanding and encourages adherence to care instructions. Poor understanding of information can cause patients and their family members to feel anxious or become defensive.
Patient Teach-back
It’s important for healthcare professionals to inspire _____ in patients by listening actively and taking every complaint and concern seriousty.
trust
To inspire trust, nurse leaders and educators should:
• Be willing to admit mistakes.
• Always tell the truth.
• Share information openly.
According to the ______,
“studies show that compassion can assist in prompting fast recovery from acute illness, enhancing the management of chronic illness, and relieving anxiety.”
Journal of Compassionate Healthcare
You can deliver compassionate nursing care by ______ and understanding their needs and expectations.
putting yourself in the patient’s shoes
