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FUNDA (DEAN) > Concept of Man, Health and Illness > Flashcards

Concept of Man, Health and Illness Flashcards

1
Q

A bipedal primate mammal (homo sapiens) that is anatomically related to the
great apes but distinguished especially by notable development of the brain with a resultant capacity for articulate speech and abstract reasoning, is usually
considered to form a variable number of freely interbreeding races, and is the sole living representative of the hominid family

A

MAN

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2
Q

DIMENSIONS OF
INDIVIDUALITY includes:

A
  1. Person’s total character
  2. Self-identity
  3. Person’s Perceptions
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3
Q

encompasses behaviors, emotional state, attitudes, values, motives, abilities, habits and appearances

A

Person’s total character

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3
Q

encompasses perception of self separate and distinct entity alone and in
interactions with others

A

Self-identity

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3
Q

CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH

A
  1. Each individual is a unique being who is different from every other human being, with a different combination of genetics, life experiences, and environmental interactions.
  2. When providing care, we need to focus on the client within both a total care and an individualized care context.
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3
Q

encompasses the way the person interprets the environment and situation, directly affecting how he or she thinks, feels and acts in any given situation.

A

Person’s Perceptions

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4
Q

THE 4 ATTRIBUTES OF HUMAN BEING

A
  1. The capacity to think or
    conceptualize on the abstract
    level
  2. Family formation
  3. The tendency to seek and
    maintain territory
  4. The ability to use verbal
    symbols as language, a
    means of developing and
    maintaining culture
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5
Q

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

A

Physiological
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Self-Actualization
Self-Transcendence

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5
Q

THE FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS OF MAN (14)

A

BREATH
FOOD AND DRINK
ELIMINATION
MOVE/MAINTAIN POSTURE
SLEEP AND REST
CLOTHING
MAINTAINING INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
KEEPING SELF CLEAN
AVOIDING DANGER
COMMUNICATION
WORSHIP
WORK
PLAY
LEARN

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5
Q

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1945)

A

HEALTH

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5
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

A
  1. People meet their own needs relative to their own priorities.
  2. Although basic needs generally must be met, some needs can be deferred.
  3. Failure to meet needs results in one or more homeostatic imbalances, which can eventually result in illness.
  4. A need can make itself felt by either external or internal stimuli.
  5. A person who perceives a need can respond in several ways to meet it.
  6. Needs are interrelated.
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6
Q

A condition or quality of the human organism expressing
adequate functioning in given conditions, genetic or
environmental

A

HEALTH

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7
Q

Different Concepts of Health

A
  1. Bio-medical (Absence of disease)
  2. Ecological Concept (Human adaptation to natural
    environments)
  3. Psychosocial Concept (Health is both a biological
    and social phenomenon)
  4. Holistic Concept (Recognizes the strength of
    social, economic, political and
    environmental influence on
    health)
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8
Q

is a holistic integration of physical, mental,
and spiritual well-being, fueling the body, engaging
the mind, and nurturing the spirit

A

WELLNESS

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9
Q

encompasses 8 mutually interdependent
dimensions: physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, vocational, financial, and environmental

A

WELLNESS

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10
Q

Wellness encompasses 8 mutually interdependent
dimensions such as:

A

physical
intellectual
emotional
environmental
financial
social
spiritual
vocational

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11
Q

________ refers to the way that your body functions. It is caring for your body to
stay healthy now and in the future.

A

Physical Dimension

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12
Q

_______ is the quality of your relationships with friends, family, teachers,
and others you are in contact with.

A

Social Dimension

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12
Q

______ is keeping your air and water clean, your food safe, and the land around
you enjoyable and safe.

A

Environmental Dimension

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13
Q

This includes eating right, getting regular exercise, and being at your recommended body weight. It is also avoiding drugs and alcohol and being free of disease and sickness

A

Physical Dimension

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14
Q

Maintaining healthy relationships, enjoying
being with others, developing friendships and
intimate relations, caring about others, and
letting others care about you is referring to _______

A

Social Dimension

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14
Q

It also means contributing to your community

A

Social Dimension

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15
Q

Understanding how your social, natural and
built environments affect your health and
well-being.

A

Environmental Dimension

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16
Q

Being aware of the unstable state of the earth
and the effects of your daily habits on the physical environment

A

Environmental Dimension

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17
Q

Demonstrating commitment to a healthy planet

A

Environmental Dimension

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18
Q

This refers to expressing your emotions in a
positive, nondestructive way, accept your
limitations, achieving emotional stability.

A

Emotional Dimension

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19
Q

Appreciating the feelings of others, managing your emotions in a constructive way, and feeling positive and enthusiastic about your life refers to ______

A

Emotional Dimension

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20
Q

Understanding and respecting your feelings, values and attitudes

A

Emotional Dimension

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21
Q

It refers to maintaining harmonious relationships with other living things and having spiritual direction and purpose. This includes
living according to one’s ethics, morals, and values.

A

Spiritual Dimension

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22
Q

This refers to finding purpose, value and meaning in your life with or without organized religion.

A

Spiritual Dimension

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23
Q

Participating in activities that are consistent with your beliefs and values is an example of ____________

A

Spiritual Dimension

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24
Q

It is the ability to recognize reality and cope with the demands of daily life.

A

Intellectual / Mental Dimension

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25
Q

Expanding knowledge and skills while discovering
the potential for sharing your gifts with others refers to _______

A

Intellectual / Mental Dimension

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26
Q

Growing intellectually, maintaining curiosity about
all there is to learn, valuing lifelong learning and
responding positively to intellectual challenges refers to ______

A

Intellectual / Mental Dimension

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27
Q

It refers to the ability to get personal fulfillment from jobs or chosen career fields while still maintaining the
balance in life.

A

Occupational Dimension

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28
Q

Preparing for and participating in work that
provides personal satisfaction and life enrichment that is consistent with your values, goals and lifestyle refers to _______

A

Occupational Dimension

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29
Q

Contributing your unique gifts, skills and talents to
work that is personally meaningful and rewarding refers to ________

A

Occupational Dimension

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30
Q

Managing your resources to live within your means, making informed financial decisions and investments, setting realistic goals, and
preparing for short-term and long-term needs or emergencies

A

Financial Dimension

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31
Q

The unhealthy condition of body or mind

A

Sickness

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31
Q

Is a state of social dysfunction. Likes to remain away from social activities

A

Sickness

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31
Q

Being aware that everyone’s financial values, needs, and circumstances are unique

A

Financial Dimension

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32
Q

Is the external and public mode of unhealth. It is a social role, a status, a
negotiated position in the world, a bargain struck between the person and a society which is prepared to recognize and sustain the person

A

Sickness

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33
Q

Is a subjective state of person who feels aware of not being well with evident
signs and symptoms

A

Illness

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34
Q

Is a feeling, an experience of unhealth which is entirely personal, interior to the
person of the patient. Often it accompanies disease, but the disease may be undeclared, as in the early stages of cancer or tuberculosis or diabetes.
Sometimes illness exists where no disease can be found

A

Illness

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35
Q

Is maladjustment (physiological/psychological of the human being to its
environment)

A

Disease

35
Q

The quality which identifies _______ is some deviation from a biological norm.

A

Disease

36
Q

Is a pathological process, most often physical as in throat infection, or cancer of
the bronchus, sometimes undetermined in origin, as in schizophrenia.

A

Disease

37
Q

Sickness is the inability to perform one’s work

A

Role Performance Model

37
Q

Narrowest interpretation of health; opposite of
health is ________

A

disease or injury

38
Q

The absence of signs and symptoms of disease
indicates ________

A

health

38
Q

Illness would be the presence of conspicuous ______ of disease

A

signs and symptoms

38
Q

_____ would be the presence of conspicuous signs and symptoms of disease

A

Illness

39
Q

This model is basis for work and school physical examination and physician-excused absences

A

Role Performance Model

39
Q

Health is based on the ability to fulfill societal roles.

A

Role Performance Model

40
Q

Health is a creative process refers to what kind of model?

A

Adaptive Model

40
Q

This model includes work, family and societal roles with performance based on societal expectations

A

Role Performance Model

40
Q

The sick role, in which people can be excused from performing their
social roles while they are ill, is a vital component of the role performance model

A

Role Performance Model

40
Q

Illness would be the future to perform a person’s role at the level of others in society.

A

Role Performance Model

40
Q

Extreme good health is flexible adaptation
to the environment refers to what kind of model?

A

Adaptive Model

41
Q

Disease is a failure in adaptation or maladaptation refers to what kind of model?

A

Adaptive Model

41
Q

Focus is stability is what kind of model?

A

Adaptive Model

42
Q

The aim of treatment is to restore the ability of the person to adapt is what kind of model?

A

Adaptive Model

43
Q

This model states that
Illness is reflected by a denervation (resection or removal of the nerves to an
organ or part) or languishing (feeble, weak), a wasting away, or lack of
involvement with life

A

Eudemonistic Model

44
Q

This model states that health is seen as a condition of actualization or realization of a person’s
potential while illness is a condition that prevents self-actualization.

A

Eudemonistic Model

45
Q

This model states that: Ecological model: when the 3 variables (agent-host-environment) are in balance, health is maintained;
when variables are not in balance, disease occurs.

A

Agent-Host-Environment Model

45
Q

This model states that the Term indicates a model that embodies (symbolize) the interaction and
interrelationships between the physical, social, psychological and spiritual
aspects of life and the environment.

A

Eudemonistic Model

46
Q

This model states that: The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together.

A

Agent-Host-Environment Model

47
Q

This model states that: Disease results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to that host.

A

Agent-Host-Environment Model

47
Q

Precursors of Illness

A

—Heredity
—Behavioral Factors
—Environmental Factors

48
Q

Is a personal state in which the person feels unhealthy. The Physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with previous experience

A

Illness

48
Q

______ is an alteration in body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a
shortening of the normal life span

A

Disease

48
Q

A definable pathologic state that progresses directly to disease without a known intermediate step, and whose presence substantially increases the likelihood of disease

A

Precursors of Illness

49
Q

This is a type of Precursors of Illness where many health conditions run in families. They can be passed from parents to their children.

A

Heredity

50
Q

Some type of cancers, Cystic fibrosis, High cholesterol, Muscular dystrophy, Birth defects like spina bifida or a cleft lip or palate are some examples of ______

A

Heredity

51
Q

The health behaviors of the person may increase the risk of a disease. Examples are:
alcohol use, injection drug
use (needles), unprotected sex, and smoking

A

Behavioral Factors

52
Q

A number of __________ influence the spread of communicable diseases that are prone to cause epidemics.

A

environmental factors

53
Q

The most important environmental factors are:

A

water supply
sanitation facilities
Food
climate

54
Q

STAGES OF ILLNESS

A
  1. Symptom Experience
  2. Assumption of Sick Role
  3. Medical Care Contract
  4. Dependent Patient Role
  5. Recovery / Rehabilitation
55
Q

It is a stage of illness where:
— Transition stage
— The person believes something is wrong
— Experiences some symptoms (physical, cognitive, emotional)

A

Symptom Experience

56
Q

HOST FACTORS OF
TRIAD OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

A
  1. age
  2. religion
  3. practices
  4. gender/sex
  5. nationality
57
Q

It is a stage of illness where: A person seeks advise of health professionals for the following reasons:
1. Validation of real illness
2. Explanation of symptoms
3. Reassurance or prediction of outcome

A

Medical Care Contract

57
Q

It is a stage of illness where:—Acceptance of the illness
—Seeks advice, support for decision to give up some
activities

A

Assumption of Sick Role

57
Q

It is a stage of illness where:—Becomes dependent to health professionals
—Accepts/rejects health professional’s suggestions
—Becomes more passive and accepting
—May regress to an earlier behavioral stage

A

Dependent Patient Role

58
Q

ASPECTS OF SICK ROLE

A

— One is not held responsible for his condition— One is excused from social roles
— One is obliged to get well as soon as possible
— One is obliged to seek for competent help

58
Q

It is a stage of illness where: Gives up the sick role and returns to former roles and
functions

A

Recovery / Rehabilitation

59
Q

Is any situation, habit, social or environmental condition, physiological psychological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, or
spiritual or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an
individual or group to an illness or accident

A

RISK FACTORS

59
Q

RISK FACTORS OF A
DISEASE

A

—Genetic and physiological factors
—Age
—Environment
—Lifestyle

60
Q

AGENT FACTORS OF
TRIAD OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

A
  1. Biological
  2. Nutritional
  3. Physical
  4. Chemical
  5. Mechanical
  6. Hereditary
  7. Social
61
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF FACTORS OF TRIAD OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

A
  1. AGENT FACTORS
  2. HOST FACTORS
  3. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
61
Q

refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected

A

INFECTIVITY

62
Q

refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease

A

PATHOGENICITY

62
Q

refers to the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal

A

VIRULENCE

63
Q

actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating or minimizing the impact of disease and disability. The concept of this is best defined in the
context of levels, traditionally called primary,
secondary and tertiary prevention

A

DISEASE PREVENTION

64
Q

LEVELS OF PREVENTION

A
  1. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
  2. PRIMARY PREVENTION
  3. SECONDARY PREVENTION
  4. TERTIARY PREVENTION
64
Q

what level of prevention is to prevent the development of risk factors

A

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

64
Q

what level of prevention manage the risk factors. Prevent the onset of disease

A

PRIMARY PREVENTION

65
Q

what level of prevention is early diagnosis and prompt treatment

A

SECONDARY PREVENTION

65
Q

A situation when there is a high incidence of new cases of a specific disease in
excess of the expected.

A

Epidemic

65
Q

what level of prevention reduce complication and disability

A

TERTIARY PREVENTION

66
Q

global occurrence of a disease, bigger population

A

Pandemic

66
Q

When the proportion of the susceptible are high compared to the proportion of the immunes.

A

Epidemic

67
Q

causative factor is constantly available or present to the area

A

Endemic

67
Q

Habitual presence of a disease in a given geographic location
accounting for the low number of both immunes and susceptible.

A

Endemic

68
Q

—disease occurs every now and then affecting only a small number of people relative to the total population
—intermittent
—on and off

A

Sporadic

69
Q

Types of Immunity

A
  1. PASSIVE
  2. ACTIVE
70
Q

a type of immunity that is quick to come, quick to go

A

PASSIVE

71
Q

a type of passive immunity that is antibodies received from in water or from mothers when breast feeding

A

NATURAL

72
Q

a type of immunity that is slow to come, slow to go

A

ACTIVE

73
Q

a type of passive immunity that is antibodies received from a medicine.
Examples: serum globulin, antiserum, antitoxin

A

ARTIFICIAL

74
Q

a type of active immunity that is antibodies developed in response to an infection and getting the disease itself

A

Natural active

75
Q

a type of active immunity that is antibodies developed in response to vaccination. Example: tetanus toxoid

A

Artificial

76
Q

A man belonging to a particular category such as:

A

by birth, residence, membership or
occupation

FUNDA (DEAN) (3 decks)

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