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NURS2512 > Nursing Advocacy for Marginalized Groups + Indigenous Health (WK10) > Flashcards

Nursing Advocacy for Marginalized Groups + Indigenous Health (WK10) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Global Health?

A
  • optimal well-being of all humans from the individual and collective perspective
  • health as a fundamental human right + accessible to all
  • encompasses prevention, treatment, and care, as well as improvement of health for all and health equity
  • population-based- and preventative focus
  • work w/ marginalized populations
  • focused on multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches
  • addresses problems w/ the system
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2
Q

What is environmental sustainability and how is that related to health?

A

Environmental sustainability = having an intact and healthy ecosystem
- the interdependence of humans, plants, and animals

  • One Health = recognition that the health of people is connected to the health of animals + the environment
  • ex. climate change, UV radiation, air, water, soil pollution, etc. all contribute to disease and injury
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3
Q

What is the primary goal of the One Health initiative

A

Foster collaboration between many disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to achieve the best health for all people

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4
Q

What are non-communicable disease

A
  • chronic disease
  • non contagious
  • CVD, chronic respiratory, cancer, diabetes
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5
Q

What are ‘neglected tropical diseases?

A
  • a group of communicable diseases that predominate in tropical/subtropical conditions
  • disproportionally affects people living in poverty, w/o adequate sanitation, in close contact w/ infectious vectors and domestic livestock
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6
Q

Some stats on global violence

A
  • 1.6 million deaths/year globally
  • 90% occur in low and middle-income countries
  • leading cause of death for persons between 15-44
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7
Q

Gender equality

A

the view that all people, regardless of gender, should have equal treatment

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8
Q

Intersectionality

A

the influence of social characteristics on health

- ex. how your gender or race affects your experience w/ health

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9
Q

What is a global citizen

A

personal awareness and commitment to global issues + our actions on those issues

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10
Q

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

  • what do they address
  • what are they?
A

Established by the united nations
- address key health and developmental issues affecting the global community

GOALS

1) reduce poverty
2) improve education
3) reduce child and maternal mortality
4) lower the incidence of HIV
5) “” TB
6) “” malaria

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11
Q

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A

See slide for the list

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12
Q

What is planetary health? And what does it imply?

A

The health of human civilization and the state of the natural system on which it depends.

As the environment changes (ex. climate change, deforestation, natural disasters), health of population will be drastically altered

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13
Q

How can nurses play a role in climate change?

A
  • can promote behavioral changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
  • ex. educating and promoting the health benefits of walking or biking rather than driving
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14
Q

What is health disparity?

A

differences in health outcomes d/t social, economic, environmental disadvantage

Disproportionately affects minority groups or marginalized groups
- linked to discrimination or exclusion

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15
Q

Culture

A

shared patterns of learned values + behaviors transmitted over time

distinguishes one group from another

includes language, ethnicity, spirituality, religion, SES, gender, sex, age, group hx, geographic origin, education

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16
Q

cultural diversity

A

multiculturalism is a process whereby many cultures co-exist and maintain their differences

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17
Q

cultural pluralism

A

promotes respect for the right of others to have different beliefs, values, behaviors, ways of life

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18
Q

cultural relativism

A

fosters awareness and appreciation for cultural differences

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19
Q

Ethnicity

A

group whose members share a social + cultural heritage

- Canada: Anglophones and Fancophones (Western Europe)

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20
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

viewing their own way of life as being better than others

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21
Q

cultural imposition

A

using one’s own values and beliefs to guide in the interpretation of other people’s behaviours

22
Q

Stereotype
Discrimination
Race
Racism

A

S - generalizations about a group
D - treating people unfairly on the basis of their membership to a group
Race - biological attributes shared by a group
Racism - discrimination based on race; goal to marginalize those who are different from you

23
Q

What is transcultural nursing?

What are the goals of transcultural nursing according to Leininger?

A

comparative study of cultures, understanding the similarities and differences across human groups

Leininger - the goal is to provide culturally congruent and culturally competent care

24
Q

What is culturally congruent care?

A

Use of sensitive, creative, and meaningful care practices to fit w/ the general values, beliefs of clients

25
Q

What is the ACCESS model?

A 
A framework that fosters cultural competence 
A - assessment
C - communication
C - cultural negotiation + compromise
E - establishing respect + rapport
S - sensitivity
S - safety
26
Q

What is a cultural assessment?

What is included?

A

systemic + comprehensive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices

GOAL - to provide culturally congruent care

includes:

  • ethnohistory
  • social organization
  • SES, biocultural ecology, health risks
  • language, communication
  • linguistic
  • caring beliefs and practices
  • experience w/ professional healthcare
27
Q

What is Leininger’s sunrise model used for?

A

promotes culturally competent care in nursing

28
Q

What are the 3 groups of Aboriginal peoples recognized by the Canadian Constitution?

A

Indians (First Nations)
Inuit
Metis

29
Q

What are the rights and benefits of a status Indian?

A

Status Indians = registered Indians

on-reserve housing, education and exemptions from federal, provincial/territorial taxes (in some situations)

30
Q

What is a reserve

A

a community in which Aboriginal people can practice their cultures and customs, live close to their extended families, and raise their children in their cultural and ancestral homelands

31
Q

What governs the reserve system?

A

The Indian act

32
Q

Do Inuit and Metis people live on reserves?

A

Not common

33
Q

Colonization

- what happened to the Indigenous peoples?

A

European explorers brought all sorts of diseases which killed thousands

  • Scarce resources diminished their livelihoods
  • malnutrition, starvation, alcohol consumption made the circumstances worse

Europeans established relationships w/ Indigenous people and colonization influenced their systems of government, trade, healthcare

Canadian government displaced them, developed policies to assimilate them

34
Q

Residential schools

A
  • children forced into residential schools as part of a policy to assimilate them into mainstream Canadian society
  • ulterior motive to avoid the legal and financial obligations that the federal gov had w/ the Indigenous people, and to gain their land + resources (eliminate the treaties, reserves, and rights)
  • operated by churches
  • ran for 130 yrs, last one closed in 1996
  • many children died from malnourishment, diseases, abuse, and from cold trying to escape
35
Q

Intergenerational trauma

A
  • suicide rates are higher in children + grandchildren of survivors than for the survivors themselves
  • some turned to alcohol and other substances to cope w/ PTSD
  • effect of addiction
  • poor diet d/t minimal knowledge of nutrition and of food pattern issues derived from residential schools
  • physical + sexual abuse a major problem in some communities
36
Q

Structural Racism

A

the legitimized and normalized spectrum of attitudes, practices, and policies that consistently result in chronic and continuous substandard outcomes for indigenous peoples

Ex. delay in service for on-reserve status First Nation children bc of complex funding systems and delivery of services in health care as well as jurisdictional issues

  • on reserves, health care services are funded by the federal government (not regulated on the provincial/territorial level); as a result, services are often delayed, disrupted, denied –> severe health consequences
37
Q

What is the ‘Sixties Scoop?”

A

phenomenon where children were removed from reserves and indigenous families in order to protect them from the effects of poverty, unsanitary health conditions, poor housing, and malnutrition

  • children placed in non-Indigneous homes
  • in many cases, these children were abused, suffered neglect, end eventually left their adopted families
  • experienced racism, loss of culture and identity
  • struggled w/ identity, low self esteem
  • self harm and suicide
38
Q

Poverty

A
  • Indigenous peoples experience highest levels of poverty
  • 1 in 4 are living in poverty
  • 4 in 1 of Indigenous children live in poverty
  • 30% of Indigenous households are in income poverty (life expectancy rate is 2 years less than non-Indigenous rate)
39
Q

Indigenous world views

A
  • strong connection to the land
  • collective cultures focused on the good of the people, not individual
  • elastic sense of time, focused on seasons rather than hours
  • everything is connected physically and spiritually
  • strong trust on inherited wisdom
  • respect for all living things
40
Q

Indigenous people view of health

A
  • shamans, herbalists, specialized healers work within a holistic framework
  • generally healthy and well nourished BEFORE colonization
41
Q

Why do Indigenous populations have compromised health?

A
  • colonization caused inequalities in all aspects of health

- higher incidence of maternal + infant mortality, malnutrition, cvd, HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases

42
Q

Chronic diseases in Indigeneous population

A 
COPD - higher incidence 
CVD - 10X more likely 
Otitis media - higher incidence among indigenous children 
rheumatic disease - higher incidence 
DM - 2-3C higher 
HIV/AIDS - represent 8.9% of all cases 
Cancer - poorer survival rate 
TB - 34X more likely
43
Q

Jordan’s Principle

- what is it

A

Program that provides coverage for the following medically necessary goods and services:

  • vision care
  • dental care
  • mental health counselling
  • medical supplies
  • prescriptions and OTC meds
  • medical transportation
44
Q

Criteria for Jordan’s Principle

A
  • age 0-17 yrs old
  • must be registered or eligible to be registered under the Indian Act
  • child has a parent/guardian registered under the Indian Act
45
Q

Who is Jordan Anderson

A

Indigenous kid who died at 5 years old due he couldn’t afford the treatment he needed

46
Q

Nursing Consideration - Respect

A
  • fundamental to nursing
  • human value that addresses dignity and justice
  • treating people as inherently worthy and equal
  • accepting and listening actively
  • sincerity in explaining things in ways the pt will understand
47
Q

Nursing consideration - Trust

A
  • recognize the unequal power relationship between you and the pt
  • in indigenous communities, relationships come before business ==> need to build trust first
  • understand how holism works
48
Q

nursing consideration - spirituality

A
  • for indigenous people, spirituality = is one of the 4 aspects that need to be balanced in order to be healthy
  • make efforts to ensure that indigenous pts and families can practice their spirituality in the health care setting
49
Q

treating indigenous patients

A
  • show respect for indigenous culture
  • involve the indigenous community
  • understand the wider impact of treating 1 patient
  • acknowledge positions in the community
  • learn about customs related to dying and death
  • be aware of avoidance behaviour
50
Q

8 steps toward addressing indigenous health inequities

A

1) provide better support for HCPs in indigenous communities
2) address prejudice among health workers
3) provide benefits for Indigenous people not recognized by the Indian Act
4) put less addictive pharmaceutical options on the formulary
5) collaborate across service providers
6) make trauma informed care
7) address smoking rates
8) implement basic standards for supplies in nursing stations in remote indigenous communities

NURS2512 (5 decks)

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