Evidence-Based Practice & Nursing Theory (WK11) Flashcards
1
Q
How are nursing theories useful?
A
- provides nurses w/ a perspective from which to view client situations, a way to organize data, and a method of analyzing and interpreting info
- guides knowledge development and directs education, research and practice
- distinguishes nursing from other disciplines
2
Q
What are the components of nursing theories?
A
PHENOMENON
- idea or response about an event
- can be temporary or permanent
- nursing theories focus on the phenomena of nursing
CONCEPTS
- used to help or label a phenomenon
- abstract concepts are mentally constructed independent of a time or place
- concrete concepts - as directly experienced and related to time or place
DEFINITIONS
- used to convey the general meaning of the concepts of the theory
- theoretical defn. - defines a particular concept based on the theory
- operational defn. - how concepts are measured
RELATIONAL STATEMENTS
- relationship btwn 2 or more concepts
- chains that link concepts together
ASSUMPTIONS
- accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs
- statements that explain the nature of concepts, defn. purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory
3
Q
Grand nursing theories
A
- abstract
- broad in scope
- complex
- NOT used to guide specific nursing interventions
- used to provide a general framework and nursing ideas
- addresses the nursing meta-paradigm
4
Q
Middle Range Nursing theories
A
- more limited in scope
- present concepts and propositions at a lower level of abstraction
- used to address specific phenomenas in nursing
- based on grand theorist’s works, but can be used in nursing practice
5
Q
Descriptive theories
A
- first level of theory development
- describe the phenomena and identifies its properties and components
- designed to help explain client assessments and guide future nursing research
- not action oriented
6
Q
Prescriptive theory
A
- addresses nursing interventions and helps predict the consequences of a specific intervention
- action oriented
tests the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention - guides nursing research to develop and test specific nursing interventions
7
Q
Florence Nightingale
A
- founder of modern nursing
- environmental theory: healthy environment fundamental for healing
8
Q
Hildegard Peplau
A
- theory of interpersonal relations
- emphasizes the nurse-client relationship
9
Q
Virginia Henderson
A
- conceptualized the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs
- nursing need theory
10
Q
Faye Abdellah
A
- shifted the focus on nursing from disease centered to patient centered
11
Q
Ida Jean Orlando
A
- emphasized the reciprocal client relationship
12
Q
Dorothy Johnson
A
behavioural system model
13
Q
Martha Rogers
A
- viewed nursing as a science and an art
- nursing provides a way to view the unitary human being who is integral w/ the universe
14
Q
Dorothea Orem
A
- nursing care is required if the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs
15
Q
Imogene King
A
- theory of goal attainment
- nurse is considered part of the pts environment
- nurse-pt relationship is for meeting goals towards good health
