Evidence-Based Practice & Nursing Theory (WK11) Flashcards
How are nursing theories useful?
- provides nurses w/ a perspective from which to view client situations, a way to organize data, and a method of analyzing and interpreting info
- guides knowledge development and directs education, research and practice
- distinguishes nursing from other disciplines
What are the components of nursing theories?
PHENOMENON
- idea or response about an event
- can be temporary or permanent
- nursing theories focus on the phenomena of nursing
CONCEPTS
- used to help or label a phenomenon
- abstract concepts are mentally constructed independent of a time or place
- concrete concepts - as directly experienced and related to time or place
DEFINITIONS
- used to convey the general meaning of the concepts of the theory
- theoretical defn. - defines a particular concept based on the theory
- operational defn. - how concepts are measured
RELATIONAL STATEMENTS
- relationship btwn 2 or more concepts
- chains that link concepts together
ASSUMPTIONS
- accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs
- statements that explain the nature of concepts, defn. purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory
Grand nursing theories
- abstract
- broad in scope
- complex
- NOT used to guide specific nursing interventions
- used to provide a general framework and nursing ideas
- addresses the nursing meta-paradigm
Middle Range Nursing theories
- more limited in scope
- present concepts and propositions at a lower level of abstraction
- used to address specific phenomenas in nursing
- based on grand theorist’s works, but can be used in nursing practice
Descriptive theories
- first level of theory development
- describe the phenomena and identifies its properties and components
- designed to help explain client assessments and guide future nursing research
- not action oriented
Prescriptive theory
- addresses nursing interventions and helps predict the consequences of a specific intervention
- action oriented
tests the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention - guides nursing research to develop and test specific nursing interventions
Florence Nightingale
- founder of modern nursing
- environmental theory: healthy environment fundamental for healing
Hildegard Peplau
- theory of interpersonal relations
- emphasizes the nurse-client relationship
Virginia Henderson
- conceptualized the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs
- nursing need theory
Faye Abdellah
- shifted the focus on nursing from disease centered to patient centered
Ida Jean Orlando
- emphasized the reciprocal client relationship
Dorothy Johnson
behavioural system model
Martha Rogers
- viewed nursing as a science and an art
- nursing provides a way to view the unitary human being who is integral w/ the universe
Dorothea Orem
- nursing care is required if the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs
Imogene King
- theory of goal attainment
- nurse is considered part of the pts environment
- nurse-pt relationship is for meeting goals towards good health
Betty Neuman
- stress reduction os the goal of system model of nursing practice
Callista Roy
- viewed the individual as a set of interrelated system
Jean Watson
- philosophy of caring
- humanistic aspects of nursing
Metaparadigms for nursing
Person
Environment
Health
nursing
The nursing process
A stepped approach to assess and care for pts
Evidence-informed decision making
scientific evidence is integrated into the decision making of every nurse
What kind of research is used in evidence based practice?
- RCT
- evidence gathered from cohort, case-control analysis, observational studies
- opinions from experts
- personal experience
What is EBP?
paradigm and life long problem-solving approach to clinical decision making
- involves the use of the best available evidence
- BPG - summarizes the best available research and provide evidence-based recommendations for nurses
Advantages of incorporating evidence in nursing practice
- improves knowledge
- facilitates patient-centred care
- enhances patient outcomes
- reduces the occurrence of adverse events and costs
- increases patient satisfaction
Barriers to the acceptance, adoption, and implementation of EBP
- not having enough authority to change pt care procedures
- lack of time on the job to implement new ideas
- lack of time to search for and understand new research
- inadequate access to IT, limited IT skills
