Nursing 211 Flashcards
The name Tylenol is known as this medication’s _____.
Trade name
trade name / brand name
used to market medication
trade name symbol
TM
medication’s composition or molecular structure
chemical name
Tylenol’s generic name
acetaminophen
official name that is listed in publications
generic name
Untied States Pharmacopeia is a list of all drugs.
USP
Aspirin is generic name for
Aspergum
The nurse is caring for a patient who has liver disease and a decreased albumin level. She is concerned that the patient:
may become toxic on normal doses of medication
Most medications bind to ____ to some extent.
albumin
When medications bind to albumin, they are unable to exert ________.
pharmacological activity.
When mediations bind to albumin, they are unable to exert pharmacological activity. Only the _____ or ____ medication is active.
unbound or “free”
Who could have reduced albumin?
- older adults
- liver disease
- malnutrition
Patients with reduced albumin have ______ risk for medication toxicity.
increased
With less albumin to bin d with the medication, there would be ___ “free” or active medication in the body.
more
A medication must pass through _____________ to reach certain organs.
biological membranes
The blood-brain barrier allows only _____ medications to pass into the brain and CSF.
fat-soluble
Most biotransformation occurs in the ____, although the lungs, kidneys, blood , and intestines also play a role.
liver
Patients are at risk for medication toxicity if their ___________ medications do not function correctly.
organs that metabolize
During the admission process, the patient states that he is supposed to be on daily aspirin but stopped taking it because it nauseated him. The nurse recognizes that the patient stopped taking his medication because :
of the medication’s side effects
predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual therapeutic drug dose.
side effects
Is almost an accusatory name given to patients who do not follow their medical regimen such as by taking their medications.
noncompliance
________ develop after prolonged intake of a medication, when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion, or when too high a dose is given.
toxic effects
Unpredictable responses to a medication.
allergic reaction
Allergic reactions are unpredictable responses to a medication. The medication acts as ________, which causes antibodies to be produced. With repeated administration, the patient develops an allergic response.
an antigen
The patient is admitted to hospital with pneumonia and is ordered to receive IV doses of antibiotics. He receives his first dose without any problems, but during his second dose, he begins to complain of shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. The nurse notes wheezes throughout his lung field. The nurse stops administration of the antibiotic and calls for help. She recognizes these symptoms as part of:
An anaphylactic reaction
_______ reaction ranges from mild to severe, depending on the patient and the medication.
an allergic
Among the different classes of medications, ______ cause a high incidence of allergic reactions.
antibiotics
Sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and shortness of breath are characteristics of _____________.
severe or anaphylactic reactions
Sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and shortness of breath are characteristics of severe or anaphylactic reactions. Some patients become severely hypotensive, necessitating emergency resuscitation measures. ______ is potentially fatal.
anaphylaxis
_________ reaction in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction that is different form normal.
idiosyncratic
______ are predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual therapeutic drug dose.
side effects
Anaphylaxis is usually unpredictable initially and is avoided after the first reaction by listing the cause of the anaphylaxis in _____
the allergy alert section of the patient record
The patient has a diagnosis of chronic back pain that he has been treating at home for the past 2 years with oral morphine sulfate (MS Contin). Upon admission the hospital, the patient is medicated with morphine sulfate for his back pain, but the patient states that he has received no relief. The nurse notifies the physician, realizing that the reason for the lack of relief may be:
a result of mediation tolerance.
______ is a decreased physiological response that occurs after repeated administration of a medication.
medication tolerance
_______ can be physical or psychological.
drug dependence
In _______ dependence, patients have an emotional desire for a drug to maintain an effect. The person believes a desirable effect will result when taking the medication.
psychological
______ dependence is a physiological adaptation to a medication that manifests itself by intense physical disturbances when the medication is withdrawn.
physical
The patient is receiving vancomycin IV every 8 hours. The order is for a serum peak and trough level after the third dose. the mediation is given on an 8 AM, 4 PM, and midnight schedule. The third dose will be given at 4 PM. The nurse knows that she has to order the trough level for :
11:30 PM
the point at which the lowest amount of drug is in the serum is the ____________
trough concentration
Some medications doses (ex. vancomycin, gentamicin) are based on ____ and ________ serum levels
peak and trough
A patient’s trough level is drawn as a blood sample _______ the drug is administered.
30 minutes before
A patient’s trough level is drawn as a blood sample 30 minutes before the drug is administered. and the peak level is drawn ___________.
whenever the drug is expected to reach its peak concentration.
The hospital utilizes a unit dose system for mediation distribution. The nurse realizes that with this system:
Narcotics are kept in an area separate form the patient’s regular medications.
_______ are not kept in the individual patient drawer: they are kept in a larger locked drawer to keep them secure.
controlled substances
The ____ is the ordered dose of medication that the patient receives at one time.
unit dose.
The unit dose is the ordered dose of. medication that the patient receives at one time. Each tablet or capsule is wrapped in ________
foil or paper container
The unit dose is the ordered dose of. medication that the patient receives at one time. Each tablet or capsule is wrapped in foil or paper container. _____ come in prepackaged foil or paper cups.
liquid doses
The unit dose is the ordered dose of. medication that the patient receives at one time. Each tablet or capsule is wrapped in foil or paper container. Liquid doses come in prepackaged foil or paper cups. At a designated time each day, the pharmacist or a pharmacy technician _______________.
refills the drawers in the cart with a fresh supply.
When the metric system is used in calculating medication dosages, which of the following is true?
a. always include trailing zeroes, for example, 1.0
b. always include a zero before a decimal point
c. for medication calculation, use length, volume, and weight units.
d. use uppercase letters for subdivision of major units
always include a zero before a decimal point
metric dosage never have trailing zero
1.0 mg is incorrect use 1 instead
basic units in metric system
meter, liter, and gram
meter measures
length
liter measures
volume
gram measures
weight
for medication calculation use the ______ and ________ units
volume and weight
When using the Apothecary system for medication calculation, the nurse realizes that:
the symbol “ss” is used for the fraction 1/2
Apothecary system uses
Roman numerals and fractions
In using the system for household measurements in preparing medications, it is important for the nurse to understand that :
household units of measure are familiar to most people
disadvantage to household measurements
inaccuracy
The patient is complaining of severe pain in his leg. He does not have any pain medication ordered, so the nurse calls the doctor, who gives an order for a prn medication and a one-time dose of morphine sulfate to be given immediately. The morphine order is known as:
stat order
