NURS 3368 Final Review Flashcards
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Reduction in the total number of erythrocytes in the circulating blood or in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin.
Phagocytosis
A. Ingestion of microbes, foreign particles, or cell fragments; Neutrophils and macrophages
B. Production of adhesion molecules
C. Marination (pavementing); Adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells.
D. Diapedesis; Emigration of cells through the endothelial junctions.
E. Recognition and adherence, engulfment and phagosome formation, fusion of phagosome with lysosomal granules, and destruction of the target.
IG mediated response in severe allergic reactions (which one)
Anaphylaxis; immunoglobulin E
Describe what a hypersensitive reaction is
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host.
Define coping
A. Process of managing stressful challenges.
B. May be adaptiv or maladaptive.
C. Personality contributes to response to stress.
D. Strategies beneficial when problem-focused and when social support is sought.
E. Maladaptive coping may contribute to adverse health effects.
Function of Natriuretic hormones.
Clotting cascade.
Infectious Mononucleosis.
A. Benign, acute, self-limiting infection of B lymphocytes transmitted by saliva through personal contact.
B. Most common cause of EBV; other viruses cause similar symptoms: cyymegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis, influenza, HIV, and rubella.
C. Symptoms at diagnosis: fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen cervical lymph nodes, increased lymphocyte count, atypical (activated) lymphocytes.
D. D
Hemophilia.
Results from a mutation in the F9 gene, which codes for factor IX. Because both factors VIII and IX function together to activate factor X, hemophilia A and B are clinically indistinguishable.
Bainbridge Reflex.
Is the name for the changes in the heart rate that may occur after intravenous infusions of blood or other fluid.
Lung Capacity Measurements (TLC, RV, VC, FRC).
PE Prophylaxis.
Pathology of Asthma.
Pulmonary Stenosis.
Is a narrowing or stricture of the pulmonary valve that causes resistance to blood flow from the RV to the PA.
Primary Bile Salts Synthetization.
Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Conversion of cholesterol to bile acid involved nuclear modification, side chain altercation, and conjugation.
Pancreatic Insufficiency.
A. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: insufficient pancreatic enzyme production. Lipase, amylase, trypsin, or chymotrypsin.
B. Causes: pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatic resection, cystic fibrosis.
C. Fat maldigestion is the main problem, so the patients will exhibit fatty stools and weight loss.
Kwashiorkor.
Protein deprivation with carbohydrate intake is called kwashiorkor (loss of muscles mass with sustained body fat).
Functions of the loop of Henle.
Dietary considerations in chronic renal failure.
Limiting fluids, eating a low-protein diet, limiting salt, potassium, phosphorous, and other electrolytes, and getting enough calories if you are losing weight. Low sodium and eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.
Nephrotic syndrome.
Is the excretion of 3.5 g or more of protein in the urine per day.
Cranial Nerve Functions.
Send electrical signals between your brain, face, neck, and torso. Cranial nerve helps you taste, smell, hear, and feel sensations. They also help in making facial expressions and things like moving your tongue and blinking your eyes.
Sleep disturbances in children.
Spinal shock.
Is the temporary loss of spinal cord functions below the lesion. Spinal shock develops immediately after injury because of loss of continuous tonic discharge from brain or brainstem and inhibition of central descending impulses that control and modulate spinal cord nerves.
Strokes/TIA.
Stroke:
TIA: (transient ischemic attack) are episodes of neurological dysfunction lasting no more than 1 hour and resulting from temporary obstruction of brain blood flow.