NURS 317 Unit 4 Chapter 44 Path Point Questions Flashcards
The nurse conducting a class on lactation determines that the participants are understanding the information when they identify that milk is ejected from the breast ductile system in response to:
A) Oxytocin
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Estrogen
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone
A) Oxytocin
Rationale:During lactation, milk is ejected from the ductile system in response to the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary. When the participants can identify this correctly, they are demonstrating that they understand the information presented.
Which structure supports the breasts while dividing the breast into 15 to 25 lobes?
A) Montgomery tubercles
B) Alveoli
C) Cooper ligaments
D) Areolar tissue
C) Cooper ligaments
Rationale:The Cooper ligaments support the breasts and form septa that divide the breast into 15 to 25 lobes. The Montgomery tubercles are the small bumps on the areolar surface of the breast. The darkened tissue around the nipple is called areolar tissue. Alveoli are grapelike clusters of glands.
The nurse is taking the history of a 30-year-old female client with amenorrhea. What factors does the nurse identify as contributing to the condition? Select all that apply.
A) Renal calculi
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Pituitary tumor
D) Long-distance running
E) Migraine headaches
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Pituitary tumor
D) Long-distance running
Rationale:Conditions that cause secondary amenorrhea include changes in hormones arising from dysfunction of the ovaries, pituitary, or hypothalamus. Amenorrhea may also arise from changes in the fat-to-muscle ratio, such as strenuous activity and anorexia. Primary amenorrhea occurs in teenage girls with conditions causing hormonal imbalance
A new mother asks the nurse what she can do to prevent her breasts from drooping. What should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.
A) Maintain good posture
B) Avoid fatty foods
C) Use bras that provide good support
D) Keep her glucose levels controlled
A) Maintain good posture
C) Use bras that provide good support
Rationale:Poor posture, significant weight loss, and lack of support may cause the breasts to droop. Therefore, the nurse should recommend using good posture and bras that provide good support.
A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a result of:
A) Increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production
B) Alteration of critical body fat–to–muscle ratio needed for menses to occur
C) Increased estrogen production that occurs in the body
D) A secondary decrease in sexual activity
B) Alteration of critical body fat–to–muscle ratio needed for menses to occur
Rationale:Female clients with amenorrhea related to anorexia nervosa have decreased adipose tissue, which is required for hormone production. Estrogen and GnRH production is decreased. Sexual activity is not related to amenorrhea.
The nurse is reviewing the history of an older adult female client who was recently diagnosed with coronary heart disease. What factors are known to contribute to this condition? Select all that apply.
A) No use of alcoholic beverages
B) Has two grown children
C) Used hormone therapy for 5 years
D) Smoked 1 pack/day for 20 years
E) Has hypertension for 15 years
C) Used hormone therapy for 5 years
D) Smoked 1 pack/day for 20 years
E) Has hypertension for 15 years
Rationale:Hormone therapy (HT) has been implicated in coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolism, breast cancer, and cerebral vascular accident (CVA). Hypertension and smoking are also common factors that contribute to coronary heart disease.
The nurse is discussing hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) with a postmenopausal woman. The nurse points out that concerns relating to their use include increased risk for which disease processes? Select all that apply.
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Breast cancer
D) Osteoporosis
E)Metabolic syndrome
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Breast cancer
Rationale:Hormone therapy, which was regarded as a hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women during the late 20th century, has come under scrutiny as a result of the Women’s Health Initiative study, which indicates that CCEPT (continuous-combined estrogen and progestin) may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis is accelerated) and breast cancer. There is no current research to support an association between HRT and the remaining options
A client asks the nurse what hormone is responsible for temperature elevation that occurs with ovulation. The best response would be:
A) Testosterone
B) Androgens
C) Progesterone
D) Prolactin
C) Progesterone
Rationale:Progesterone increases basal body temperature and is responsible for the temperature elevation that occurs with ovulation.
Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin.
A) Ovaries
B) Anterior pituitary gland
C) Hypothalamus
D) Endometrium
B) Anterior pituitary gland
Rationale:The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for the secretion of LH, FSH, and prolactin. The hypothalamus is stimulated by GnRH to secrete only LH and FSH. The endometrium undergoes proliferative changes and sloughing during the menstrual cycle.
The nurse is conducting a community education program on menopause. Which condition will require medical follow-up?
A) Vaginal dryness
B) Osteoporosis
C) Hypertrophic uterine
D) Pendulous breasts
B) Osteoporosis
Rationale:While all of these conditions can result from a decrease of estrogen production associated with menopause, osteoporosis would require follow-up to prevent pathological fractures.
The nurse is discussing the physical changes related to menopause with a 48-year-old woman. The client asks, “How long will it take before I am through these changes and finally reach menopause?” Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?
A) “Most women experience symptoms for about 4 years.”
B) “Most women experience symptoms for about 10 years.”
C) “Most women experience symptoms for about 6 months.”
D) “Most women experience symptoms for about 1 year.”
A) “Most women experience symptoms for about 4 years.”
Rationale:Perimenopause (the years immediately surrounding menopause) precedes menopause by approximately 4 years and is characterized by menstrual irregularity and other menopausal symptoms.
w often do most women in the middle reproductive years menstruate?
A) Every 28 to 30 days
B) Every 25 to 28 days
C) Every 21 to 25 days
D) Every 30 to 32 days
A) Every 28 to 30 days
Rationale:In most women in the middle reproductive years, menstrual bleeding occurs every 28 to 30 days, with a median length of 28 days.
When a woman asks the nurse at what age menopause usually occurs, what should the nurse respond?
A) 56 to 68 years of age
B) 48 to 55 years of age
C) 35 to 47 years of age
D) 68 years of age or older
B) 48 to 55 years of age
Rationale:The typical age for menopause is between 48 and 55 years of age.
Which statement most accurately captures a characteristic of the external female genitalia?
A) Skene and Bartholin glands perform endocrine and exocrine functions.
B) The external genitalia facilitate sexual function and hormonal regulation.
C) Surgical repair is required in the case of a ruptured hymen in prepubescent females.
D) The labia majora and clitoris are analogous to the male scrotum and penis respectively.
D) The labia majora and clitoris are analogous to the male scrotum and penis respectively.
Rationale:Embryonic differentiation results in an anatomical relationship between the labia majora and the scrotum and between the clitoris and penis. There is no identified hormonal/endocrine role of the structures of the external genitalia. A ruptured hymen does not necessitate medical intervention.
What role do Montgomery tubercles play in breast health?
A) Serve as receptor sites for erectile stimulation
B) Identify location of lactating ducts
C) Secrete a lubricant that keeps the nipple soft and elastic
D) Provide support for breast tissue
C) Secrete a lubricant that keeps the nipple soft and elastic
Rationale:The small bumps or projections on the areolar surface known as Montgomery tubercles are sebaceous glands that keep the nipple area soft and elastic. None of the other options provide accurate information concerning Montgomery tubercles.
