Nurs 125 quiz 2 Flashcards
what is the integumentary system made up of?
skin, hair, nails and sebaceous glands
what do the integumentary finding entail about a patient’s health?
hydration, nutrition, emotional status
what is the primary function of the skin?
protection - protects the body from invasion, sensation, thermoregulation, synthesis of vitamin D
what are the 3 layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous layer
what is the function & characteristics of the epidermis?
outermost layer - and protects against invasins
contain nerve cells - help with light touch
what are the 5 layers of epidermis?
- stratum germinativum = basal cell layer - forms new skin
2.stratum corneum - new cells migrate here - to be keratinized
what are the types of cells found in the epidermis layer?
- keratinocytes - tough, fibrous protein keratin - protects against friction
- Melanocytes - produce pigment melanin
- Epidermal dendritic (langherns) cells - fight infection - initiate immune response
What is the characteristics of the dermis layer?
- consists mainly of connective tissue or collagen, blood vessles, nerves, sebaceous glands, lymphatic vessel, follicles, sweat glands
- also contains elastic tissue- allows skin to stretch
what is the function of the subcutaneous layer?
- made up of adipose tissue - provides fat storage for energy - also gives skin mobility
what is hair composed of?
keratin - produced by hair follicles located deep in dermis
what are the 2 types of hair?
- Vallus hair - fine, short, hypopigmented and located all over the body
- Terminal hair - darker and coarse - found in scalp, brows, eyelids, axillae, chest
what is the function of arrector pili muslces?
- attched to each follicle - they contact in response to environmental and nervous stimuli causing erection of hair and follicle
what is the function of sebaceous glands?
- they support each follicle - secrete sebum, maintaining hair moisture and condition
what is the structure of nails?
- epidermal appendage - hard plates of keratin on dorsal edges of toes and fingers
what’s the vascular layer of the nail called?
nail bed - vascular epithelial cells - gives the nail pink colour
what is the 2 types of sweat glands?
- eccrine
- apocrine
what is the function of the eccrine glands?
cover most parts of the body - open directly to the skin surface and secrete a dilute solution called sweat - to help thermoregulation
what is the function of apocrine glands?
open into hair follicles - locate din the axillae and genital areas - produce thick milky secretion - which mixes with bacterial flora and produce a musky odour
what is pressure ulcers?
areas of tissue necrosis due to prolonged compression of body tissue between a firm surface and bony prominences
what is the braden scale?
a tool used to assess an individuals risk of developing pressure ulcers
what are some of the red flags on the skin?
dehydration, cynosis, impaired skin
rash + fever = infectious
what are the ABCDEs for screening melanoma moles?
A = assymetry = dopes one half look like the other half
B = border irregularity = is the border ragged or nothced
C = colour = does the mole have a variety of shades or different colours
D = diameter of more than 6mm is the diameter greater than 6 mm (pencil eraser)
E =evolution of lesions over time - has the lesion evolved or changed over time
what are the steps of skin self-examination?
- get fully undressed and stand in front of a mirror
- Carefully scan the entire body, using handheld mirror to look at areas difficult to see
- when examining the scalp, use a comb or blow-dryer to part the hair and examine the scalp section by section
- report any suspicious lesions to health care provider
what are the types of skin concerns?
