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Pharmacology > Nurs 108 Meds > Flashcards

Nurs 108 Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Prednisone trade name

A

Deltasone

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2
Q

Sertraline trade name

A

zoloft

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3
Q

Tamsulosin trade name

A

Flomax

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4
Q

Pravastatin trade name

A

Pravachol

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5
Q

Tramadol trade name

A

Ultram

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6
Q

Montelukast trade name

A

Singulair

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7
Q

Escitalopram trade name

A

Lexapro

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8
Q

Carvedilol trade name

A

Coreg

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9
Q

Aprazolam trade name

A

Xanax

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10
Q

Warfarin trade name

A

Coumadin

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11
Q

Meloxican trade name

A

Mobic

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12
Q

Prednisone

A

Corticosteroid and anti-inflammatory drug
Adverse effects = Cushing syndrome

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13
Q

Sertraline

A

Antidepressant
Monitor for worsening or depression or suicidality
Adverse effects = abnormal ejaculation, reduced libido, GI, Neurologic, SJS, anaphylaxis, rhabdomyloysis

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14
Q

tamsulosin

A

adrenergic blocker, urinary retention medication often prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Adverse effects are infectious disease, abnormal ejaculation, rhinitis
=Flomax

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15
Q

Fluticasone

A

adrenal glucocorticoid
it’s an intranasal corticosteroid, used to decrease local inflammation of the nasal passages - thus reducing nasal stuffiness.
Adverse effects = nose bleeds, cough, throat pain

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16
Q

pravastatin

A

antihyperlipidemic and cardiovascular agent.
It’s for patients who require high intensity statin therapy and prophylaxis for cardiac transplant rejection.
Adverse effects = rash, diarrhea, diabetes, pancreatitis, liver failure

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17
Q

tramadol

A

analgesic (opioid)
adverse effects = flushing, constipation, dizziness, MI, pancreatitis, seizure, difficulty breathing.

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18
Q

Montelukast

A

anti-asthma / anti-inflammatory
leukotriene modifier used to reduce the inflammatory component of asthma
used for prophylaxis of persistent, chronic asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, and allergic rhinitis.
Monitor vital signs; don’t take for an acute asthma attack.

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19
Q

escitalopram

A

anti-anxiety/anti-depressant
Contraindicated with MAOIs.
Avoid abrupt discontinuation; taper dose gradually.

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20
Q

carvedilol

A

adrenergic blocker; used for heart failure and hypertension; impaired left ventricular function, MI
Adverse effects = hypotension, bradyarrythmia, abnormal weight gain, erectile dysfunction, fatigue

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21
Q

Alprazolam

A

anti-anxiety, benzodiazepine
used for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder
black box: abuse, misuse, addiction, sedation

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22
Q

warfarin

A

anticoagulant / vitamin K agonist
used to prevent stroke, MI, DVT, and pulmonary embolism in surgeries.
can cause major/fatal bleeding and regular monitoring of INR is required.

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23
Q

Meloxican

A

analgesic / anti-rheumatic
use the lowest dost for the shortest duration possible to reduce risk of serious side effects.
NSAIDs can increase risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events.

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24
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

antiplatelet drug and ADP-induced aggregation inhibitor
Tablets should not be crushed or split.
discontinue drug at least 5 days prior to surgery
Dependent on the CY P450 enzymes; poor metabolizers (Asians) will exhibit less therapeutic effect and more adverse cardiovascular events.

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25
Q

amoxicillin (Augmentin XR)

A

antibiotic; penicillin
Patients with allergy to penicillin should not be given amoxicillin.
Risk of anaphylactic shock

26
Q

allopurinol (Zyloprim)

A

anti-gout / GI agent
adverse effects = SJS, hypersensitivity reaction, renal failure

27
Q

bupropion (wellbutrin)

A

aminoketone, antidepressant
Contraindicated with MAOIs
Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults.

28
Q

Lisinopril / HCTZ

A

= zestoretic
ACE inhibitor / antihypertensive
used for acute MI, diabetic nephropathy, erythrocytosis, heart failure, HTN, prophylactic for migraines.

Discontinue as soon as pregnancy is detected b/c drugs that act directly on the RAAS can cause injury and death to the developing fetus.

29
Q

citalopram (celexa)

A

antidepressant
discontinue MAOIs.
Used for major depressive disorder, OCD
Monitor for increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

30
Q

Losartan (cozaar)

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist / Cardiovascular Agent
Used to treat diabetes and HTN.
discontinue losartan with pregnancy.
can cause hypertension, nasal congestion, URI

31
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Adrenergic Blocker
Used for acute MI, cardiac dysrhythmia
do not stop abruptly, as this can cause exacerbation of angina pectoris and sometimes MI / ventricular arrythmias.

32
Q

cialis (tadalafil)

A

antihypertensive / Cardiovascular agent
Used for benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction
Adverse effects: SJS, decreased hearing, headache, optic neuropathy

33
Q

Duloxetine (cymbalta)

A

anti-anxiety / anti-depressant.
Contraindicated with MAOIs.
Avoid abrupt discontinuation.
Can also be prescribed for fibromyalgia.
Screen patients for a history of bipolar disorder, mania, or hypomania.
Can cause increased suicidal thoughts.

34
Q

Fluoxetine (prozac)

A

Anti-depressant
Don’t use with MAOIs
Clinical effect may not be evident for several weeks.
Can be prescribed for body dysmorphic disorder, bulimia nervosa, major depressive disorder, OCD
Can increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults with major depressive disorder.

35
Q

Fenofibrate (tricor)

A

antihyperlipidemic

Place patient on an appropriate lipid-lowering diet before receiving fenifibrate and continue this diet during treatment.
Used for hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia adjunct to diet

May cause GI pain, backache, rhinitis, pancreatitis, liver injury

36
Q

Crestor

A

= Rosuvastatin Calcium
Anti-hyperlipidemic / Cardiovascular agent

Look for signs/symptoms of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy
Monitor liver function

37
Q

Venlafaxine

A

=effexor
Antidepressant
Discontinue MAOIs
antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in pediatric and young adult patients.
Not approved for use in pediatric patients.

38
Q

Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine

A

=Adderall
Amphetamine / CNS agent
For use in ADHD, Narcolepsy
High potential for abuse and dependence. Misuse may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse reactions.

39
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A

= Flexeril
Musculoskeletal agent / Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

Used for fibromyalgia and skeletal muscle spasm.

Monitor for reduction in pain and muscle spasms, passive limb movement

40
Q

Trazodone

A

= Oleptro
antidepressant / CNS agent
Used for insomnia and major depressive disorder

avoid abrupt discontinuation, do not use with MAOIs

increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children.

41
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

=Medrol
Adrenal Glucocorticoid / Corticosteroid

Used for allergic conditions, asthma, breast cancer, collagen disease, crohn’s disease

Monitor BP, electrolyte panel, blood glucose, mental status, signs and symptoms of infection, ophthalmic exams recommended.

42
Q

Potassium Chloride

A

= Klor-Con
Nutriceutical / Nutritive Agent

Used for hypokalemia and prophylaxis for hypokalemia

Monitor serum electrolyte concentrations, acid-base balance, signs of extravasation at IV site.

43
Q

Atorvastatin Calcium

A

Lipitor
antihyperlipidemic / Cardiovascular Agent
Nursing Implications = monitor the lipid panel 2-4 weeks after initiation of atorvastatin and 2-4 weeks after dosage adjustment. Monitor liver function. Monitor serum creatine kinase. Look for signs and symptoms of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy.

Adverse Side Effects =GI distress, UTI, nasopharyngitis. Serious adverse effects include dermatomyositis, diabetes mellitus, liver failure

44
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Synthroid
Diagnostic Agent, Thyroid Function

Nursing Implications = monitor for hypothyroidism; worsening glycemic control, signs and symptoms of cardiac overload.

Adverse Side Effects = palpitations, alopecia, sweating, weight loss, diarrhea, insomnia, anxiety, fatigue. Serious side effects could be tachycardia, MI, HF, hyperthyroidism, dyspnea.

45
Q

Lisinopril

A

Prinivil
Ace Inhibitor

Nursing Implications = monitor for hypertension, renal function, orthostatic hypotension

Adverse Side Effects = chest pain, hypotension, dizziness, headache, cough. Serious is hypotension, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hyperkalemia

46
Q

Omeprazole

A

Prisolec
Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor

Nursing Implications = eradication of helicobacter pylori and healing of duodenal ulcer is indicative of efficacy;

Adverse Side Effects = rash, GI distress, upper respiratory infection

47
Q

Metformin

A

Glucophage
Antidiabetic

Nursing Implications = monitor blood glucose and HbA1c

Adverse Side Effects = GI distress, cobalamin deficiency

48
Q

Amlodipine

A

Norvasc
Anti-anginal / Anti-hypertensive

Nursing Implications = monitor vital signs, BP particularly in pregnant women; look for hypertension.

Adverse Side Effects = edema, GI distress, somnolence, fatigue

49
Q

Simvastatin

A

Zocor
Anti-hyperlipidemic

Nursing Implications = monitor the lipid panel, liver function, creatine kinase, myopathy

Adverse Side Effects = GI distress, headache, upper respiratory infection, increased glucose levels, cholestatic hepatitis, kidney injury

50
Q

Hydrocodone / Acetaminophen

A

Lortab
Analgesic Combination/ Opioid

Nursing Implications = whether there’s a need for an opioid analgesic, liver function tests, signs of confusion and over-sedation, risk for addiction, signs and symptoms of respiratory depression or over-sedation, sever hypotension

Adverse Side Effects = GI, dizziness, lightheadedness, sedated, potential for Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hepatotoxicity / liver failure, respiratory depression.

51
Q

Metropolol ER

A

Toprol XL
Adrenergic Blocker (Beta Blocker)

Nursing Implications = monitor HF symptoms for efficacy (reduction in BP = efficacy), HR and vital signs

Adverse Side Effects = bradyarrythmia, hypotension, rash, dizziness, depression, dyspnea

52
Q

Metropolol

A

Lopressor
Adrenergic Blocker (Beta Blocker)

Nursing Implications = monitor HF symptoms for efficacy (reduction in BP = efficacy), HR and vital signs

Adverse Side Effects = bradyarrythmia, hypotension, rash, dizziness, depression, dyspnea

53
Q

Losartan

A

Cozaar
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist

Nursing Implications = monitor for hypertension, electrolytes, and renal function.

Adverse Side Effects = when pregnancy is indicated, discontinue losartan as soon as possible. Drugs that act directly on the RAAS can cause injury or death to the developing fetus.

54
Q

Azithromycin

A

Zithromax
Antiobiotic

Nursing Implications = monitor CBC, fever, hepatic function

Adverse Side Effects = GI distress, increased liver enzymes, headache, abnormal vision, hepatotoxicity

55
Q

Zolpidem

A

Ambien
Hypnotic

Nursing Implications = lactating women should not take this drug. It’s for short term insomnia management only.

Adverse Side Effects = allergic reaction, visual disturbance, dizziness, drugged state, headache, somnolence

56
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Microzide
Cardiovascular Agent / Diuretic

Nursing Implications = edema, BP and vital signs, serum electrolytes, medication adherence.

Adverse Side Effects= hypotension, phototoxicity, vertigo, cardiac dysrhythmia

57
Q

Furosemide

A

Lasix
Loop type diuretic

Nursing Implications = hypokalemia is a danger, so check K+ levels. Also note that the drugs are ototoxic

Adverse Side Effects = hypokalemia, ototoxic effects

58
Q

Pantoprazol

A

Protonix
Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor / GI Agent

Nursing Implications = used to decrease symptoms of GERD; monitor serum magnesium and calcium

Adverse Side Effects = GI pain, headache, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

59
Q

Gabapentin

A

Neurontin
anti-convulsant / CNS Agent

Nursing Implications = for post-herpetic neuralgia

Adverse Side Effects = emergence or worsening of the signs and symptoms of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation

60
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil
Antibiotic / anti-infective Agent

Nursing Implications = use CBC to monitor therapeutic response; consider renal function in geriatric patients

Adverse Side Effects = rash, GI distress, headache, shock, Steens-Johnson syndroms, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylaxis

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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