Nurological Phys Flashcards
What are the 4 cranial nerves associated with vision, what nerve number and which are sensory, motor and/or both
- Optic (II) sensory
- Oculomotor (III) motor
- Trochlear (IV) motor
- Abducens (VI) motor
What are the 3 cranial nerves (and nerve number) are associated with:
facial feeling, mastication; taste anterior, facial expression; and taste posterior, swallowing.
- Trigeminal (V) both: facial feeling and mastication
- Facial (VII) both: taste (anterior), facial expression
- Glossopharyngeal (IX) both: taste (posterior), swallowing
"glosso"= tongue "pharyngeal"= throat
What cranial nerve (and number) is associated with the sense of smell?
Olfactory (I)
What single cranial nerve (and number) is associated with the sense of hearing, balance and equilibrium?
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
What single cranial nerve (and number) is associated with involuntary visceral organs? (interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract)
Vagus (X) both
What single cranial nerve (and number) is associated with the ability to shrug (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles)
Accessory (XI) motor
The nervous system is organized to:
1-Detect changes (from stimuli) in the internal and external environment (inside and outside body)
2- Evaluate (CNS) the level and type of stimuli
3- Respond by initiating changes in muscles or glands or not initiating change
Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of what?
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is composed of what?
Cranial nerves (12) Spinal nerves (31)
Afferent (arriving- ascending) neurons are what?
sensory, Receptors to CNS
Efferent (exiting- descending) neurons are what?
motor, From CNS to effector organ (muscles or glands)
Autonomic NS uses what kind of activation?
what 2 NS is it broken into; what do they control?
voluntary activation (command to skeletal muscle)
- Sympathetic “fight or flight”
- Parasympathetic “Rest and digest”
Somatic NS uses what kind of activation?
what neurotransmitter is used?
involuntary activation (command to glands, smooth and cardiac muscle) -ACH
Neuron vs Glia (glial cells)
what do they do?
- pick up info. can carry it away, unidirectional
- helping supporter cells. They help neurons and other cells function properly in the nervous system.
Neuroglia are what?
Support cells (5–10x more numerous than neurons)
Oligodendrocytes:
CNS, myelinating cells
Schwann cells:
PNS (the only one in PNS), myelinating cells
Ependymal cells:
CNS, make and circulate cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
Astrocytes:
CNS, wrap around capillaries in brain and spinal cord, to feed neuron glucose. Create a blood brain barrier (BBB)- allow neurons to get what they need and protect them from things that could be harmful (Selectivity)
Microglia:
CNS, macrophage (clean up)
RESTING Electric Potential:
where is K+
where is Na+
where is Ca++
1) K+ > INside of cell
2) Na+ > OUTside of cell
3) Ca2+ > OUTside :induces muscle contraction
Sodium and Calcium is in the same place
INSIDE of the CELL - High K, Low Na
OUTSIDE of the Cell - High Na, Low K
what is Action Potential?
the rapid change and propagation of a chemical membrane potential.
In general terms how is an impulse sent down an axon?
Stimulus changes the charge other voltage gated channels open causing a chain reaction of increasing positive and then negative charge
Depolarization and Repolarization/Hyperpolarization
what is the process of an Action Potential of a nerve cell? Resting Threshold Rising Falling Hyperpolarization
-Resting Phase
-Threshold
-Rising Phase = Depolarization (action potential)
(Facilitated transport of Na+ in)
-Falling Phase = Repolarization
(Facilitated transport of K+ out)
-Hyperpolarization = more K+ out than Na+ in
-Refractory Period = Depo to RP (Needs Na/K ATPase to reset)
