Nurition across the lifespan Flashcards
What is nutrition
This is the relationship between food composition, dietary intake and function
Define nutritional metabolism
Chemical reactions and processes by which energy and nutrients from foods are utilized by the body
The nutritional value of dietary proteins depends primarily on the capacity to satisfy the needs for what three things
- Total nitrogen
- Amino Acids
- growth and maintenace of body protein
What are the two classifications of amino acids?
- Essential
- Non- Essential
What are the 9 essential acids
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
(They are seential because they are not synthesized by mammals and need to be obtained from the diet)
What are the 5 stages of the life cycle
Preganacy&lactation
infancy
childhood
adolescence
Adulthood
Dietary intake during pregnancy should provide energy and nutrients that will ensure
i) Optimum weight gain
ii) Full-term delivery of a healthy newborn baby
What is considered a healthy newborn baby size?
3.1-3.6kg
What is the most significant predictor of low birth weight and IUGR?
not attaining adequate maternal weight
What is the recommended weight gain for an underweight pregnant mother? BMI<18.5
12.7-18.2 kg
What is the recommended weight gain for a pregnant mother with normal weight? BMI18.5-24.9
11.4-15.9
What is the recommended weight gain for an overweight pregnant mother? BMI 25-29.9
6.8-11.4
What is the recommended weight gain for an obese pregnant mother? BMI >/=30kg
At least 6.8 kg
What 2 components of body composition are frequently meassured
Fat and lean tissue
What consequence does insufficient dietary protein have on lean mass?
decreased lean mass synthesis
What does Barker’s Theory suggest?
That infants nutrition and growth are influenced from interuterine and early postnatal experiences
True or False
The mother’s nutritional status: underweight, overweight, excess weight gain, can cause inadequate pre- and post-natal nutrition & rapid catch-up growth
true
Lower birth weight and associated Rapid Catch-Up Growth is associated with what risk
Risk of childhood obesity
Thin babies with low muscle mass are associated with what three risks?
Risk of insulin resistance, DM, Adiposity rebound at early age
Optimal nutrition during what phase of life can reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity and reduces the risk of chronic disease?
First 1000 days (conception to 2 yrs)
The first 2 years of life is given what nickname for catch-up growth
Plastic Period
True or False
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 mos of life is encouraged?
True
At what stage/age is additional food (other than breast milk) introduced to the infants diet?
6 mos
What are the three main ways that nutritional status is assessed
- Weight for length/height
- BMI
- Mid upper arm circumference
