NUR259

Question 1

What routine questions and observations would be done for the patient on her very first antenatal visit at 10 weeks by the midwife?

Answer 1

Vitals, iron levels, BGL, risk factors – smoking, drinking, mental health assessment, education, health promotion, vaginal discharge, progress development

Question 2

• What other assessments or investigations would the doctor undertake at this visit?

Answer 2

Ultrasound, placenta perineum, downs syndrome diagnoses,

Question 3

• What routine tests would be ordered by the doctor?

Answer 3

Blood type, current medication,

Question 4

• How do you work out the estimated date of delivery (EDD)?

Answer 4

The average length of a pregnancy is 40 weeks, or 280 days, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period.

Question 5

• Compare the characteristics of different types of families.

Answer 5

Chinese – family oriented, herbal based medicine

Indigenous Australians – community based, elders, female role vs male role

Question 6

• Summarize the actions of the hormones that affect reproductive functioning.

Answer 6

FSH - Follicle-stimulating hormone
regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body

LH - Luteinizing hormone
Triggers ovulation

Question 7

Menstrual phase –

Answer 7

1-6 – estrogen levels are low
Cervical mucas is scant, viscous and opaque
Endometrium is shed

Question 8

proliferative phase –

Answer 8

7-14 – endometrium and myometrium thickness increases
estrogen peaks just before ovulation
cervical mucus is clear, thin, watery, alkaline
mid cycle spotting

Question 9

secretory phase –

Answer 9

15-26 estrogen drops sharply and
progesterone dominates
vascularity of entire uterus increases
uterus is made ready for implantation

Question 10

Ischemic phase –

Answer 10

27-28 estrogen and progesterone levels drop
Spiral arteries undergo vasoconstriction
Endometrium becomes pail, blood vessels rupture
Blood escapes into uterine tromal cells, gets ready to be shed

Question 11

• Describe the functions of the placenta

Answer 11

The main function of the placenta is to provide a source of nutrients for the baby (transported through the umbilical cord) and to provide blood supply to the baby. Essentially, it keeps the baby alive.

Question 12

Describe the functions of the placenta and umbilical cord during intrauterine life.

Answer 12

The umbilical cord can be considered part of the Placenta. It attaches to the placenta and transports blood and nutrients from the placenta to the baby. It’s sort of like the factory line. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuTJPciLcnM

Question 13

Define the post natal period -

Answer 13

A postpartum period (or postnatal period) is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks. The women readjusts, physically and psychologically from pregnancy and birth.

Question 14

• Identify common post natal problems -

Answer 14

Weight loss, fever, high blood pressure, post natal depression, pain, diabetes, bleeding, DVT, Caesarean birthrisks, infection, pain, extended hostibalisation, death

Question 15

From a student nurse perspective consider the strengths and weaknesses of family centred care.

Answer 15

pros - support network, ownership of care, family can identify changes in health earlier than nurses, less anxiety
cons - time consuming, poor decisions due to wikipedia, family disputes, potential cross contamination due to poor hygiene

Question 16

What resources can you access to assist you to overcome a language barrier when caring for a paediatric patient and family from another culture?

Answer 16

medical interpreter, pictures, involving the family who can speak english,

Question 17

Identify nursing strategies to minimize the stressors related to hospitalization.

Answer 17

develop a relationship with the patient
Medical Play, Playroom, children activities (clown, radio show), encourage parental presence and involvement, keep patients home routine as much as possible, allow parent in-house accommodation

Question 18

Summarise the physiologic and behavioural consequences of pain in infants and children.

Answer 18

potential regression (wet bed)
associated pain (fear of nurses, hospitals)
anxiety increase (hypertension, hyperventilation ect..)
insomnia related to fear
refusal of treatment, feeding problems

Question 19

describe normal acid–base ratings in children.

Answer 19

acid base normal value -
infants ph7.36 - 7.42
children ph 7.37 - 7.43
adolescents - 7.35 - 7.41

Question 20

describe fluid-electrolyte problems in children and observations for them

Answer 20

dehydration, observe intake, outake. weight changes
urine analysis
excessive diarrhea causing dehydration