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U of R SCHOOL OF NURSING > NUR 370 SENSORY > Flashcards

NUR 370 SENSORY Flashcards

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1
Q

General senses

A
  • pain
  • light touch
  • pressure
  • temperature
  • proprioception
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2
Q

Special senses

A
  • taste
  • smell
  • sight
  • hearing
  • balance
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3
Q

Referred pain

A
  • pain sensed on body surfaces at distant locations from the originating organ
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4
Q

Phantom pain

A
  • pain that exists after the removal of a body part
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5
Q

Eye

A
  • organ that allows us to perceive the environment in which we live
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6
Q

Layers of the eye

A
  • outer
  • middle
  • inner
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7
Q

Components of outer layer of eye

A
  • sclera

- cornea

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8
Q

Components of the middle layer of eye

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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9
Q

Components of the inner layer of eye

A
  • retina
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10
Q

Eye changes with aging

A
  • less tearing
  • cornea less sensitive (more prone to injury)
  • pupils decrease in size and react slower
  • lens yellowed, less flexible, cloudy
  • sink into skull
  • muscle weakening
  • decline of visual acuity
  • intolerance to glare
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11
Q

Conjunctivitis

A
  • pink eye
  • infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva
  • virus (most common)
  • bacteria (Staphylococcus, Chlamydia, gonorrhea)
  • allergens
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12
Q

Symptoms of conjunctivitis

A
  • viral: watery secretions
  • bacterial: pus
  • blurry vision
  • photophobia
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13
Q

Keratitis

A
  • inflammation of the cornea that can be triggered by an infection or trauma
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14
Q

Common causes of keratitis

A
  • trauma (artificial UV exposure)
  • welding
  • contact lens overuse
  • abrasions
  • viral infections (herpes, chickenpox, epstein-barr)
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15
Q

Open-angle (chronic) glaucoma

A
  • intraocular pressure increases gradually over time
  • degeneration and obstruction of trabecular meshwork decreasing absorption of aqueous humor
  • most common
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16
Q

Symptoms of open-angle glaucoma

A
  • painless, insidious, bilateral changes in vision (tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights)
  • changes are gradual
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17
Q

Closed-angle (acute) glaucoma

A
  • results from sudden blockage of aqueous humor outflow
  • narrow iridocorneal angle blocks drainage into canal of Schlemm
  • more dangerous potential to lose sight
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18
Q

Causes of closed-angle glaucoma

A
  • trauma
  • sudden pupil dilation (exposure to bright light)
  • prolonged pupil dilation (meds)
  • emotional stress
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19
Q

Symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma

A
  • onset and worsen quickly
  • severe eye pain
  • headache
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • nonreactive pupil
  • erythema
  • haziness of cornea
  • halo around lights
  • cloudy vision
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20
Q

Treatment of glaucoma

A
  • goal to decrease intraocular pressure
  • beta blockers to reduce aqueous humor production
  • laser surgery
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21
Q

Congenital glaucoma

A
  • present at birth

- abnormal development of outflow channels (trabecular meshwork)

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22
Q

Secondary glaucoma

A
  • result from use of certain medications, eye diseases, diabetes, trauma
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23
Q

Cataracts

A
  • opacity or clouding of the lens
  • congenital or develop later in life
  • proteins in lens break down to make lens cloudy
24
Q

Symptoms of cataracts

A
  • cloudy, fuzzy, foggy, filmy vision
  • color intensity loss
  • impaired night vision
  • halos around lights
25
Q

Macular degeneration

A
  • deterioration of the macular area of the retina

- caused by impaired blood supply

26
Q

Types of macular degeneration

A
  • dry

- wet

27
Q

Dry macular degeneration

A
  • most common form
  • occurs when blood vessels under the macula become thin and brittle
  • small yellow deposits form and blur vision and create a dim spot in central vision
28
Q

Wet macular degeneration

A
  • brittle vessels break down
  • forming of new , abnormal, fragile blood vessels grow under the macula
  • leak blood and fluid leading to macula damage
  • more vision loss than dry
29
Q

Strabismus

A
  • gaze deviation of one eye
  • most often appears at birth
  • brain begins to ignore input from one eye
30
Q

Amblyopia

A
  • lazy eye
  • loss of one of eye’s ability to see details
  • brain and eyes do not work together properly (brain favors one eye)
  • other eye becomes weak
  • strabismus most frequent cause of amblyopia
31
Q

Retinal detachment

A
  • acute condition that occurs when retina separates from its supporting structure
  • spontaneously or nearsightedness, trauma, diabetes
  • vitreous humor leaks through retinal tear and accumulates underneath retina
  • can cause vision loss
32
Q

Outer ear structure

A
  • auricle
  • ear lobe
  • external auditory canal
33
Q

Function of auricle

A
  • funnels sound waves into external auditory canal
34
Q

Function of external auditory canal

A
  • directs sound waves to the eardrum
35
Q

Middle ear structure

A
  • tympanic membrane (eardrum)

- ossicles

36
Q

Function of the tympanic membrane

A
  • vibrates when struck by sound waves
37
Q

Function of ossicles

A
  • transmit sound to the cochlea in the inner ear

- malleus, incus, stapes bones

38
Q

Inner ear structure

A
  • cochlea
  • semicircular canals
  • saccule and utricle
39
Q

Function of cochlea

A
  • converts fluid waves to nerve impulses
40
Q

Function of semicircular canals

A
  • detect head movement
41
Q

Function of saccule and utricle

A
  • detect head movement and linear acceleration
42
Q

Anotia

A
  • absence of the auricle
  • ear and kidneys develop at same time, if ear has abnormalities abdominal assessment should be done
  • may also lack external canal
43
Q

Microtia

A
  • small, underdeveloped auricle

- may also lack external canal

44
Q

Atresia

A
  • lack external ear canal
45
Q

Congenital hearing loss

A
  • damage associated with maternal rubella and syphilis infection during pregnancy
46
Q

Presbycusis

A
  • hearing loss
47
Q

Sensorineural

A
  • damage to inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain

- hearing aids can improve function

48
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A
  • problems with transmitting sound through the outer and middle ear to the inner ear
  • surgery or hearing aid
49
Q

Tinnitus

A
  • persistent, abnormal ear noise
  • ringing, buzzing, roaring, humming sound
  • result of mild hearing loss
50
Q

Otitis media

A
  • infection of inflammation of middle ear
  • usually viral upper respiratory infection and migrates to the middle ear causing accumulation of fluid behind the tympanic membrane
51
Q

Otitis externa

A
  • swimmer’s ear
  • infection or inflammation of the external ear canal or auricle
  • bacterial in origin (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
  • moisture in the ear that creates bacterial growth
52
Q

Otosclerosis

A
  • abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, usually involving an imbalance in bone formation and resorption
  • progressive hearing loss
53
Q

Meniere’s disease

A
  • disorder of inner ear resulting from endolymph swelling

- stretches membranes and interferes with hair receptors in cochlea and vestibule - stimulates vertigo

54
Q

Vertigo

A
  • sensation of spinning or moving
55
Q

Peripheral vertigo

A
  • problem with vestibular labyrinth, semicircular canals, or vestibular nerve
  • caused by certain medications, head injury, meniere’s disease
56
Q

Central vertigo

A
  • problem in the brain, primarily brain stem or cerebellum

- caused by aspirin, alcohol, migraines, MS, seizures

U of R SCHOOL OF NURSING (12 decks)

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