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U of R SCHOOL OF NURSING > NUR 362 - MUSCULOSKELETAL > Flashcards

NUR 362 - MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of the Musculoskeletal System

A 
bones
muscles
joints
tendons
ligaments
cartilage
bursa
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2
Q

Normal Physiologic Function of Musculoskeletal System

A 
alignment and posture
balance
coordinated movements
protection
production
storage
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3
Q

Bone

A

specialized connective tissue

hard, rigid, dense

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4
Q

Joint

A

union of two or more bones
non-synovial (immovable and slightly movable)
synovial (freely movable due to separation from fluid-filled cavity)

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5
Q

Cartilage

A

cushions the bones and gives smooth surface to facilitate movement

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6
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

give bone structure to form the joint

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7
Q

Bursa

A

fluid filled sac

any place where there’s a joint

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8
Q

Tendon

A

connect muscle to bone

helps with function of ROM

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9
Q

Muscular Strength - 0

A

no muscular contraction detected

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10
Q

Muscular Strength - 1

A

barely detectable flicker or trace contraction

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11
Q

Muscular Strength - 2

A

active movement of body part with gravity eliminated

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12
Q

Muscular Strength - 3

A

active movement of body part against gravity

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13
Q

Muscular Strength - 4

A

active movement of body part against some resistance

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14
Q

Muscular Strength - 5

A

active movement of body part against full resistance without fatigue

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15
Q

ADLs

A 
bathing
dressing
eating 
grooming
mobility (transfers, ambulation, toiling)
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16
Q

Palpation of musculoskeletal system

A 
heat 
tenderness
swelling
crepitus
nodules 
AROM/PROM
muscle strength
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17
Q

TMJ Palpation

A

tips of first two fingers and ask person to open/close mouth
palpate contracted temporals and masseter muscles as person clenches
compare size, firmness, strength

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18
Q

TMJ ROM

A

open/close - against resistance tests trigeminal nerve (V)
protraction/retraction
lateral movement

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19
Q

Cervical Spine Inspection

A

alignment of head and neck

spine should be straight and head erect

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20
Q

Cervical Spine Palpation

A

spinous processes for tenderness

sternomastoid, trapezius and paravertebral muscles

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21
Q

Cervical Spine ROM

A

flexion/extension
rotation
lateral bending
against resistance tests spinal nerve (XI)

22
Q

Shoulder Inspection

A

swelling
deformity
abnormal positioning

23
Q

Shoulder Palpation

A 
acromioclavicular joint
scapula
acromion process
greater tubercle
coracoid process
24
Q

Shoulder ROM

A 
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
internal/external rotation
depression/elevation - shrug against resistance tests spinal nerve (XI)
25
Q

Elbow Inspection

A

size and contour in flexed and extended position for swelling, deformity, or abnormal positioning
olecranon process for present hollows on either side

26
Q

Elbow Palpation

A

elbow flexed at 70 degrees
medial and lateral epicondyle
olecranon process

27
Q

Elbow ROM

A

flexion/extension

supination/pronation

28
Q

Hand Inspection

A

smoothness of motion, surface contour, alignment of wrist and fingers, bony deformities

29
Q

Hand Palpation

A 
distal radius and ulna at wrist 
eight carpal bones
MCP
PIP
DIP joints
anatomical snuffbox
30
Q

Hand ROM

A 
hand
flexion/extension
radial/ulnar deviation 
fingers
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
thumb
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
opposition
31
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Features

A

pain or numbness of the first three fingers of the hand, but not in the palm, especially at night
loss of sensation in distribution of the medial nerve: palmar surface of thumb, index, middle, and medial 4th fingers

32
Q

Assessment for carpal tunnel

A

weak abduction of the thumb (most sensitive)
tinel’s sign
phalen’s sign

33
Q

Tinel’s Sign

A

tingling with tapping over medial nerve as it enters the carpal tunnel

34
Q

Phalen’s Sign

A

numbness of tingling with pressing backs of hands together in acute flexion

35
Q

Hip Inspection

A

symmetry of iliac crests, gluteal folds and equally sized buttocks
smooth, even gait reflects equal leg lengths
assess base
rhythm smooth and continuous

36
Q

Hip Palpation

A

inguinal ligament
trochanteric bursa
ischiogluteal bursa

37
Q

Hip ROM

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal/external rotation

38
Q

Knee Inspection

A

contours and alignment for swelling
quadriceps for atrophy
knee action during swing and stance phases of gait

39
Q

Knee Palpation

A

left thumb and fingers grasping fashion down toward knee

patellar pouch

40
Q

Knee ROM

A

flexion/extension

41
Q

Ankle & Foot Inspection

A

compare feet noting position of feet and toes, contours of joints
foot should align with long axis of lower leg
ankles are smooth bony prominences

42
Q

Ankle & Foot Palpation

A

achilles tendon for nodules and tenderness

metatarsophalangeal joints

43
Q

Ankle & Foot ROM

A

flexion/extension (toes)
inversion/eversion
plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

44
Q

Spine Vertebrae

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

45
Q

Spine Inspection

A

spine is straight
knees and feet aligned with trunk and point forward
convex thoracic curve and concave lumbar curve

46
Q

Spine Palpation

A

spinous processes

paravertebral muscles

47
Q

Spine ROM

A

flexion/extension
rotation
lateral bending

48
Q

AROM

A

patient actively doing exercise on own

49
Q

PROM

A

exercise carried out by therapist

50
Q

AAROM

A

therapist manually helping patient move a body part while patient exerts a small amount of effort

51
Q

Hazards of Immobility

A 
muscle atrophy
contractures
increased cardiac workload
orthostatic hypotension
thrombus formation
decreased lung expansion
52
Q

Common therapeutic positions

A 
semi-fowlers (45 degrees)
fowlers (90 degrees) 
supine (back)
dorsal recumbent (legs up exam)
sims/semi-prone (flexed between pillows laying on side)
lateral/side-lying
prone (stomach)

U of R SCHOOL OF NURSING (12 decks)

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