Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 352 > NUR 352 Exam 1 > Flashcards

NUR 352 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define infection

A

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chain of infection

A

-infectious agent
-reservoir
-portal of exit
-mode of transmission
-portal of entry
-susceptible host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

COI: infectious agent

A

-bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, protozoa

-potential to cause disease depends on: # present, virulence, ability to enter and survive in host, susceptibility of host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

COI: reservoir

A

-place where microorganisms survive and multiply

-common reservoirs = humans, animals, insects, food, water, inanimate surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

COI: portal of exit

A

-means by which infectious agent leaves the reservoir
-ex. nose, mouth, orifices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

COI: mode of transmission

A

-airborne, contact (direct or indirect), droplets, vehicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

COI: portal of entry

A

any orifice or breakdown of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

COI: susceptible host

A

-depends on host’s level of immunity and virulence (strength and # of microbes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors for HAIs

A

-long hospital stays
-use of indwelling catheters
-failure to wash hands properly
-overuse of antibiotics
-invasive procedures
-age/immunocompromised
-nutritional status
-use of central line
-use of ventilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tier 1 vs. tier 2 precautions

A

tier 1: standard precautions
tier 2: contact precautions, droplet precautions, airborne precautions, protective precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 major types of HAIs

A

-Central line-associated bloodstream infections
-Surgical site infections
-catheter-associated UTIs
-ventilator-associated pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Standard precautions

A

-used for all patients
-use alcohol-based products for no visible soil
-use soap and water for visible soil
-enable safety devices and sharps container
-disposable/disinfect patient care equipment
-proper handling of laundry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contact precautions

A

-protection against direct or indirect contact with contagious infection

-equipment:
-standard precautions
-private room
-gloves
-gown
-disposable BP cuff, thermometer, stethoscope, goggles

–ex. C.diff, MRSA, RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Droplet precautions

A

-droplets > 5 microns
-transmissible 3-6 ft from patient
-contact precautions and surgical mask

-ex. streptococcal pneumonia, influenza, mumps, pertussis (whopping cough)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Airborne precautions

A

-infectious droplets < 5 microns
-private room with negative pressure airflow, N95 mask, face protection

-ex. measles, varicella, tuberculosis,, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Protective precautions

A

-used to protect immunocompromised patients
-private room, positive airflow (filtered air in), surgical mask worn by patient outside of room

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Clostridium difficile (C. diff)?

A

Precautions: contact
Considerations: wash hands with soap and water

C. diff is a bacteria that causes diarrhea and colitis (inflammation of the colon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)?

A

Precautions: contact
Considerations: easy HAI; prevent with good hygiene

MRSA is a type of bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. Staph infection can become severe and cause sepsis if left untreated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Measles?

A

Precautions: contact and airborne
Considerations: MMR vaccine, highly transmissible through cough/sneeze/rash

Measles is a childhood infection that is an acute viral respiratory illness, causes fever, cough, runny nose, and rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Influenza?

A

Precautions: droplet
Considerations: flu vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for hepatitis C?

A

Precautions: contact
Considerations: no isolation needed; spreads via blood contact

Hep C is a liver infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for tuberculosis?

A

Precautions: airborne
Considerations: no initial symptoms, then manifested by cough, weight loss, night sweats, and caseous necrosis

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is caseous necrosis?

A

-type of cell death that causes tissues to become “cheese-like” in appearance
-most common cause is tb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Meningococcal Meningitis?

A

Precautions: droplet
Considerations: headaches, light sensitivity, neck/shoulder pain

Meningitis is an infection/inflammation of the membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)?

A

Precautions: contact
Consideration: most common in children

RSV is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms, but can be severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Hepititis A?

A

Precautions: contact
Considerations: no isolation needed, self-resolving, spread through fecal-oral route

Hep A is a liver infection that causes inflammation of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Norovirus?

A

Precautions: contact
Considerations: can acquire via travel outside US

Norovirus is highly contagious vomiting and diarrhea (norovirus causes the stomach flu)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for pertussis?

A

Precautions: droplet
Considerations: “whoop sound”

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Mumps (infectious parotitis)?

A

Precautions: droplet
Considerations: spread via cough and sneeze

Mumps is a viral infection that affects the salivary glands (makes the parotid glands below the ears swell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Varciella Zoster?

A

Precautions: airborne
Considerations: viral infection from varicella, treat outbreaks with acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Medical vs Surgical Asepsis

A

-Medical asepsis: “clean” technique, reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms
-Surgical asepsis: “sterile” technique, kill all microorganisms and their spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Secondary prevention

A

early detection through screening and preventing it from getting worse

ex. Pap smear screens for cervical cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Styles of communication

A

-passive
-assertive
-aggressive
-passive agressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

passive communication

A

want to avoid conflict so individual says nothing or simply agrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

assertive communication

A

honest and clear communication that does not violate the rights of others
-uses “I” statements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

aggressive communication

A

communication that is verbally and sometimes physically abusive
-uses “you” statements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

passive agressive communication

A

communication that appears passive on the surface but is demonstrating anger in a subtle, indirect, or secretive way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the importance of feedback?

A

Feedback allows the sender and the receiver know that the message was properly understood.

ex. constructive criticism, nodding, smiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is ISBARR?

A

a standardized approach to hand off communications between nurses and other members of the healthcare team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

ISBARR acronym and details

A

I: Introduction; identify self and title

S: Situation; identify situation you are calling/reporting about, patient, room number, briefly state the problem

B: Background; what are the circumstances leading up to this situation? patient history, vital signs, labs, meds

A: Assessment; what is the nurses assessment of the situation?

R: Recommendation; what should be done to correct the problem? Make a specific statement or request.

R: review/repeat to decrease risk of error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Types of immunity

A

innate, adaptive, passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

innate immunity

A

“natural” immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

adaptive immunity

A

“active” immunity developed throughout our lives via exposure or vaccination (artificial active)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

passive immunity

A

“borrowed” immunity from another source and lasts a short time

ex. breastmilk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

nonspecific vs specific immunity

A

specific immunity: lymphocytes (B & T cells) and antibodies bind to specific infectious agents and call WBC to destroy them

nonspecific: (neutrophils and macrophages) phagocytes eat and destroy any microorganisms or foreign bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

local vs systemic infection

A

local: confined to one area of the body, can be treated with topical or oral antibiotics

systemic: spread to the bloodstream to infect entire body, treat w IV antibiotics

47
Q

What are the components of a general survey?

A

-Appearance: facial features, level of consciousness, eye contact, skin
-Behavior: mood, speech, hygiene, grooming
-Body structure/mobility: posture, range of motion, build
-Height
-Weight
-BMI
-Vital signs
-Pain assessment

ABB HWBVP
ABB Hates When Branton Vetos Purchase

48
Q

What are the components of health history?

A

PLEASE

-Past medical history/pertinent family history, hospitalizations, surgeries, immunizations, health maintenance screenings
-Last oral intake
-Events leading up to illness of injury
-Allergies/reactions
-Symptoms of chief complaint
-Each medication (OTC, herbal, prescription, vitamins

49
Q

What are some functional health subjects to ask questions about?

A

stress, occupation, sleep, substances, self-concept, relationships, abuse, health literacy, spirituality, residence

50
Q

What are some interview considerations?

A

-ethical (informed consent, autonomy, etc.)
-developmental (age and education status)
-environmental (enough light? any distractions?
-cultural

51
Q

What are the techniques used for physical assessment?

A

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

52
Q

inspection

A

observe patient, begins during general survey using vision, hearing smell

-size, shape, color, symmetry, position

53
Q

Palpation

A

use of touch

-size, consistency, texture, temperature, location, tenderness of skin
-various parts of hands detect different sensations

54
Q

Percussion

A

tapping body parts with fingers/fists/small instruments

-size and location of organs

55
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to sounds with a stethoscope or doppler

-diaphragm for high pitched sounds, bell for low pitched sounds

56
Q

subjective data vs objective data

A

subjective: what the patient tells you
objective: what can be observed or recorded

57
Q

tachycardia

A

100 bmp or greater

58
Q

bradycardia

A

60 bmp or less

59
Q

pulse deficit

A

difference between apical and radial rate

60
Q

dysrhythmia

A

irregular heart rhythm

61
Q

bradypnea

A

regular breathing patterns less than 12/min

62
Q

hyperpnea

A

rate, depth, and work of breathing increased

(ex. during exercise)

63
Q

tachypnea

A

regular breathing pattern greater than 20/min

64
Q

hyperventilation

A

deep breathing with increased rate, leads to decreased CO2 levels and hyper-oxygenation

65
Q

Delegation

A

assigning performance of an activity/task to unlicensed assistive personnel while retaining accountability for the outcome

66
Q

hyperthermia

A

greater than 104.4 F

67
Q

hypothermia

A

less than 95 F

68
Q

nursing actions for hyperthermia

A

-obtain specimens
-obtain lab results
-provide fluids, rest, antipyretics
-comfort measures for chills, dry clothing and linens

69
Q

nursing actions for hypothermia

A

-warm environment
-heated humidified oxygen
-warming blanket
-warmed oral/IV fluids
-head covered
-continuous cardiac monitoring
-emergency resuscitation equipment on standby

70
Q

abd abbreviation

A

abdomen

71
Q

ac or a.c. abbreviation

A

before meals

72
Q

ad lib abbreviation

A

at liberty (patient can move freely)

73
Q

BID or b.i.d. abbreviation

A

twice a day

74
Q

BK abbreviation

A

below the knee

75
Q

BP abbreviation

A

blood pressure

76
Q

Cath abbreviation

A

catheter

77
Q

CBC abbreviation

A

complete blood count

78
Q

c/o abbreviation

A

complains of

79
Q

CPR abbreviation

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

80
Q

C & S

A

culture and sensitivity

81
Q

CXR abbreviation

A

chest x-ray

82
Q

DNR abbreviation

A

do not resuscitate

83
Q

DX abbreviation

A

diagnosis

84
Q

FBS abbreviation

A

fasting blood sugar

85
Q

GI abbreviation

A

gastrointestinal

86
Q

gtt abbreviation

A

drop

87
Q

H&H abbreviation

A

hemoglobin and hemocrit

88
Q

HOB abbreviation

A

head of bed

89
Q

hr abbreviation

A

hour

90
Q

hx abbreviation

A

history

91
Q

ICU abbreviation

A

intensive care unit

92
Q

I&O abbreviation

A

inputs and outputs

93
Q

IV abbreviation

A

intravenous

94
Q

LLE abbreviation

A

left lower extremity

95
Q

LMP abbreviation

A

last menstrual period

96
Q

LOC abbreviation

A

level of consciousness

97
Q

LUE abbreviation

A

left upper extremity

98
Q

MI abbreviation

A

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

99
Q

MRSA abbreviation

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

100
Q

NG abbreviation

A

nasogastric

101
Q

NKA abbreviation

A

no known allergies

102
Q

NKDA abbreviation

A

no known drug allergies

103
Q

NPO abbreviation

A

nothing by mouth

104
Q

N&V or N/V abbreviation

A

nausea and vomiting

105
Q

OOB abbreviation

A

out of bed

106
Q

PRN abbreviation

A

as needed

107
Q

q abbreviation

A

every

108
Q

r/o abbreviation

A

rule out

109
Q

rx abbreviation

A

prescription

110
Q

stat abbreviation

A

immediately

111
Q

TID abbreviation

A

three times a day

112
Q

Tx abbreviation

A

treatment

113
Q

UA abbreviation

A

urinalysis

114
Q

wt abbreviation

A

weight

NUR 352 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions