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MM > NUR 321 - exam 3 > Flashcards

NUR 321 - exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

mammogram

  • age 50-74
  • age 40-49
A

50-74 grade b

40-49 grade c

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2
Q

colorectal cancer age 50-75

A

grade A

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3
Q

colorectal cancer age 45-49

A

grade b

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4
Q

colorectal cancer age 76-85

A

grade c

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5
Q

lung cancer age 55-80

A

grade b

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6
Q

prostate exam 55-69

A

grade c

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7
Q

prostate exam 70+

A

grade D

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8
Q

complementary therapy

A

o Therapies used together with conventional treatment recommended by person’s HCP

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9
Q

 Integrative therapies

A

o Interventions provided by HCP

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10
Q

 Alternative therapies

A

o When nonpharmacologic therapies are used in place of conventional pharmacologic or medical procedures

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11
Q

grade a

A

recommends

net benefit high

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12
Q

grade b

A

recommends services

net benefit moderate

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13
Q

grade c

A

net benefit small - depends on individual pt

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14
Q

grade d

A

recommends against

harm outweights benefits

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15
Q

grade i

A

insufficient data

–

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16
Q

live vaccine

A

weakened form of the whole germ that causes disease
long-lasting immune response

should not be given to immunocompromised or pregnant women
can cause mild symptoms

MMR
flu mist
rotavirus
varicella

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17
Q

inactivated vaccines

A

killed version of germ

immunity not as strong; need boosters/several doses

hep a
flu
polio
rabies

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18
Q

toxoid

A

use targeted toxin

boosters needed
can give to immunocomp. ppl

diphtheria
tetanus - need q10years

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19
Q

pneumoccocal vaccine

A

polysaccahride and conjugate

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20
Q

koplik spots

A

measles

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21
Q

thick gray membrane covering throat and tonsils

A

caused by diphtheria

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22
Q

hep b transmission, long term effects which organ?

A

contact; bodily fluidsliver - cirrhosis, liver cancer

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23
Q

HPV transmission, effects? vaccine recommendation

A

sexual contact
cancer of cervix***, vagina, vulva, anus, penis, back of throat

ages 11-12 – before sexual activity

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24
Q

influenza a and b

A

a - moderate to severe, all age groups

b - milder, mostly children

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25
Q

swollen parotid gland

A

mumps

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26
Q

meningitis as primary symptom

A

meningococcal disease

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27
Q

whopping cough

A

pertussis

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28
Q

polio

A

poliomyelitis

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29
Q

intussusception

A

rotavirus

one part of bowels slides into next - like closing of telescope

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30
Q

trismus

A

lockjaw

tetanus

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31
Q

herpes zoster - caused by? associated with? symptoms?

A

Shingles
Cause: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) - reactivation

Associated with
•	Aging
•	Immunosuppression
•	Intrauterine exposure
•	Varicella at younger than 18 months of age

Symptoms:

  • Unilateral rash – can cover body on one site
  • Manifestations: burning, tingling, itching of site, then rash appears
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32
Q

adults over 50

A

flu shot annually
o Tetanus vaccine every 10 years
o Zoster or variella vaccine age 50
o Pneumococcal polysacc, vaccine age 65

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33
Q

natural passive immunity

A

person given antibiotics through natural processes

ex: mother breastfeeding baby

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34
Q

artificial natural immunity

A

person given antibiotics through artificial means

ex: antibody injection

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35
Q

management of:

  • local reaction
  • systemic reaction
A

local: cold compress
systemic: acetaminophen (no aspirin bc associated with Reye’s syndrome for younger ppl)

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36
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis

A
  • epipen
  • oxygen
  • antihistamines
  • steroids
37
Q

2 objectives of screening

A

1) Detection of a disease in its early stages to treat it and deter its progression.
2) Reduce cost of disease management by avoiding costly interventions required at later stages

38
Q

College of Physicians recommend these therapies? why?

A
  • Issued new clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain

-Recommending use of
• Tai chi
• Yoga
• Other mind/body techniques

39
Q

What is stress?

A

Stress is an actual or alleged hazard to the balance of homeostasis

-can lead to personal growth OR illness

40
Q

What is a stressor?

A

Physical, psychological, or social stimuli that can produce stress and endanger homeostasis

41
Q

What is appraisal?

A

How a person interprets the impact of stress

42
Q

Primary and secondary apprasial

A

When a stressor occurs, a person’s two reactions to stress

Primary:

  • is this stressor a threat?
  • evaluation of event in terms of personal meaning
  • stress occurs when person identifies event/circumstance as harm, threat or challenge

Secondary:

  • how can I cope with this stressor?
  • consideration of possible coping strategies
43
Q

Problem-focused coping

A

takes action to change or address situation

ex: person feels stress from their drive to work so they commute earlier

44
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A
  • regulates emotions tied to the stress

ex: person feels anxious so they use breathing exercises to regulate emotions

45
Q

Ego-defense coping

A
  • help a person cope with stress indirectly and offer psychological protection from a stressful event
  • unconscious

ex:
- compensation
- denial
- displacement
- regression

46
Q

Inappropriate coping mechanisms

A
  • increased sleeping
  • increased fatigue
  • loss of appetite
  • laughing inappropriately
  • disheveled appearance
47
Q

General adaptation system (GAS)

A
  • A three-stage set of physiological processes that prepare, or adapt, the body for danger so and individual is more likely to survive when faced with a threat
  • Describes how the body responds physiologically to stress
  • Triggered by either a physical event or psychological event
  • Set off by PITUITARY GLAND
48
Q

GAS: stage 1

A

Stage 1: Initial alarm

  • Fight or flight response
  • Central nervous system is aroused
  • Body defenses immobilize
  • Hormones levels rise resulting in increased blood volume, blood glucose, heart rate and mental alertness
49
Q

GAS: stage 2

A

Stage 2: Resistance stage

  • The body stabilizes and attempts compensate for the change
  • Body tries to repair any damage that has occurred
  • Compensation takes energy
50
Q

GAS: stage 3

A

Stage 3: Exhaustion stage

  • Continuous stress causes progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
  • The body no longer can resist effects of stressor.
  • Energy is depleted
51
Q

Chronic reactivation of GAS can cause ______________. What is the effect on the body?

A

Allostatic load

  • Excessive wear on the bodily organs from chronic activation of GAS
  • can lead to CHRONIC ILLNESS
52
Q

PTSD

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder

  • Begins when a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event and responds with intense fear or helplessness
  • Common among military, veterans, personal assault victims
  • PTSD anxiety manifests in nightmares, emotional detachment, flashbacks
53
Q

Crisis

A

Implies that a person is facing a turning point in life – their previous ways of coping are ineffective, and the person must change

  • usually takes 6 weeks to resolve crisis
54
Q

Maturational crisis

A
  • also known as developmental crisis
  • new developmental stage

ex: marriage, birth of a child, divorce

55
Q

Situational crisis

A

external sources of stress

ex: job change, motor vehicle accident, or illness

56
Q

Adventitious crisis

A

also known as disaster crisis

a major natural disaster, man-made disaster, or CRIME OF VIOLENCE

57
Q

Situational stress

A

Short-term form of stress that occurs in certain temporary situations

Ex: situational stressors for nurses could be high-acuity patient load, intensity of care, conflicting priorities
Ex: adjusting to chronic illness

58
Q

Maturational factors

A
  • Stressors vary with life stage
  • Each of Erikson’s developmental stages are experiencing a developmental stage stress
  • Ex: middle adults stressors could include family, losing parents, children leave home, etc.-
59
Q

Sociocultural factors

A

Environmental and social stressors often lead to developmental problems
ex: prolonged poverty, physical disability, living under conditions of continuing violence

Cultural variations produce stress
ex: religious beliefs, family relationships, language difference, disparities in health care

60
Q

Compassion fatigue

A

Describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress – physical and mental exhaustion

Ex: oncology nurse who cares for pt. undergoing chemotherapy, wife caring for spouse with Alzheimer’s

Common amongst healthcare workers

61
Q

Stress/ coping assessment

A
  • Identify actual or potential stressors – what do you believe is stressing you right now?
  • Identify strategies to stress/ coping mechanisms
  • ASK ABOUT SUICIDE – “Do you have plans to hurt yourself?” - BE DIRECT!
62
Q

Stress /coping diagnosis

A

-Determine if patient has a potential or actual stressor – clustered clues

Ex: anxiety, despair, difficulty coping, risk for PTSD

63
Q

Stress: planning /intervention

A
  • help patient resume normal life
  • increase resistance to stress
  • decrease # situations that produce stress
  • learn skills to reduce body’s response to stress
64
Q

Coping: planning/intervention of healthy strategies

A
  • Regular exercise and rest
  • Support systems
  • Guided imagery and visualization
  • Progressive muscle relaxation techniques
  • Journaling
  • Mindlessness-cased stress reduction (MBSR)
65
Q

What is SUD? Characteristics of SUD?

A

=Substance use disorder

  • also known as drug use disorder
  • medical condition in which the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress
  • characterized by:
  • An array of mental, physical, and behavioral symptoms that may cause problems related to loss of control
  • Strain to one’s interpersonal life
  • Hazardous use
  • Tolerance
  • Withdrawal
66
Q

Tolerance

A

Using increasing amounts of a substance over time to achieve the same effect

Having diminished effect occurs with continued use

67
Q

Addiction

A
  • A chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences.
  • Considered a brain disorder – functionally changes brain
  • Interferes with everyday life – can affect ANYONE
  • Approach treatment like other diseases – addition is as much as a disease as heart disease
68
Q

Withdraw and associated symptoms

A

-Symptoms develop when a substance is discontinued abruptly after frequent, heavy, and prolonged substance use

- Symptoms –specific to each substance
	Anxiety, irritability
	Restlessness
	Insomnia
	Fatigue
69
Q

What is AUD?

A

Alcohol use disorder (AUD)

  • A chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences
  • Recovery is possible regardless of severity
70
Q

alcohol abuse VS alcohol dependence

A

Alcohol abuse
•Too much, too often
Failure to fulfil roles or responsibilities
•Interpersonal problems

Alcohol dependence
Inability to quit
•Tolerance
•Withdraw
•Increased amt of time consuming and recovering
71
Q 
BAC
KY law?
0.05
0.10
0.40
0.50
A

Blood alcohol concentration

KY 0.8% or higher = intoxication

  1. 05- sedation, slowed reaction time
  2. 10- slurred speech, poor coordination
  3. 40- coma, trouble breathing
  4. 050- death
72
Q

What is binge drinking?

A

Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings BAC levels to 0.08 g/dL

Occurs after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men—in about 2 hours.

73
Q

3 screenings for AUD

A

SBIRT
CAGE
Audit-C

74
Q

Alcohol antidote?

A

Nope

75
Q

Nursing care with alcohol intoxication/withdraw

A
  • no antidote
  • Supportive care- ABCs
  • monitor vitals and LOC
76
Q

alcohol withdraw DELIRUM

A

Serious complication
Onset 30 – 120 hours after last drink
Can be fatal
Can be prevented or controlled with benzodiazepine administration

77
Q

Stimulants

and types

A

Stimulants make people more alert, increase attention, and raise blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.

o amphetamines/ methamphetamines
o cocaine
o caffeine
o nicotine

78
Q

Cocaine

  • user experience
  • post-use
  • treatment
A

INCREASE BP- risk for stroke

Experience: euphoria, increased energy, confidence, mental alertness, and sexual arousal

Afterwards: restless, anxiety, agitation, irritability, and insomnia

o Treatment:

  • Behavioral therapy
  • No government-approved medications to treat addiction
79
Q

Methamphetamine

  • user experience
  • post-use
A

Experience: increased sense of well-being or euphoria, increased alertness and energy, and decreased food intake and sleep

Afterwards: anxiety, confusion, insomnia, paranoia, aggression, visual & auditory hallucinations, mood disturbances & delusions

Teeth rot, skin rashs

80
Q

Stimulant antidote

A

NONE BRUH

81
Q

Stimulants: Nursing care withdraw

A
  • Monitor vital signs
  • Craving is intense
  • Maintain a safe setting that limits potentially negative interactions with the outside environment.
  • Prescribe medications to manage the acute withdrawal syndrome
82
Q

Depressants

2 types and examples

A

Substances reduce arousal and stimulation – “downers”

Sedative-hypnotics
Opiods

83
Q

Sedative-hypotics

A

psychoactive drugs that lower brainactivity used to treat anxiety, depression

o Barbiturates
o Benzodiazepines
o Barbiturate-like drugs

84
Q

Opioids

A

Used to treat pain

Heroin

Prescription Opioids
Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, Morphine, Codeine

85
Q

Overdose: barbiturates. antidote?

A

NO ANTIDOTE

-Dialysis may prevent irreversible CNS effects

86
Q

Overdose: Benzodiazepines. ex? antidote?

A
  • Xanax, Klonopin, Valium

- treated with the antagonist Romazicon (flumazenil) - can cause seizures

87
Q

Opioid: overdose

A

-Due to their effect on the part of the brain that regulates breathing, opioids in high doses can cause respiratory depression and death

  • NALOXONE
  • opioid OD drug that binds to receptors to prevent overdose
  • IV, IM, subcut, nasal

-decrease symptoms: methodone

88
Q

Opioid overdose triad

and other symptoms

A
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • Unconsciousness
  • Respiratory depression

other s/s

  • face clammy, no color
  • limp
  • decreased heartrate
89
Q

Heroin facts

A

type of opioid

  • Major mental health issue is highly addictive
  • Inexpensive, easily accessible
  • Strength of product varies increasing risk of overdose

-addatives dont dissolve in blood- can clog BV

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