NUR 146- UNIT 2 MEDS Flashcards
Lisinopril, Enalapril, Captopril
Class: ACE Inhibitor
Indication: Hypertension, HF, MI, Nephropathy
Main Adverse Effects: Dry cough, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema, Hypotension
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Avoid potassium supplements, Monitor BP, Report swelling or persistent cough
Losartan, Valsartan
Class: ARB (Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker)
Indication: Hypertension, HF, MI, Nephropathy
Main Adverse Effects: Hyperkalemia, Hypotension, Dizziness
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: No dry cough (vs ACE), Avoid potassium supplements
Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol
Class: Beta-Blocker
Indication: Hypertension, Angina, HF, Arrhythmias, MI
Main Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, Hypotension, Fatigue, Bronchospasm (non-selective)
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Do not stop abruptly, Caution in asthma/COPD, Monitor HR/BP
Amlodipine, Diltiazem, Verapamil
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
Indication: Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmias
Main Adverse Effects: Hypotension, Peripheral edema, Constipation (verapamil/diltiazem), Bradycardia (verapamil/diltiazem)
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Monitor BP/HR, Avoid grapefruit juice
Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin
Class: Statin (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor)
Indication: Hyperlipidemia, Prevention of CV disease
Main Adverse Effects: Muscle pain (myopathy), Rhabdomyolysis, Hepatotoxicity
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Take at night, Avoid grapefruit juice, Monitor liver enzymes
Furosemide, Bumetanide
Class: Loop Diuretic
Indication: Edema, HF, Hypertension
Main Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, Dehydration, Ototoxicity
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Monitor electrolytes, Take in AM, Risk of orthostatic hypotension
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Chlorothiazide
Class: Thiazide Diuretic
Indication: Hypertension, Edema
Main Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia, Hyperglycemia
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Monitor electrolytes, Take in AM
Spironolactone
Class: Potassium-Sparing Diuretic
Indication: HF, Hypertension, Hypokalemia
Main Adverse Effects: Hyperkalemia, Gynecomastia
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Avoid potassium supplements, Monitor K+ levels
Warfarin, Heparin, Enoxaparin
Class: Anticoagulant
Indication: Prevention of clots (DVT, PE, stroke)
Main Adverse Effects: Bleeding, Bruising
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Monitor INR (warfarin), Avoid vitamin K foods, Bleeding precautions
Aspirin, Clopidogrel
Class: Antiplatelet
Indication: MI, Stroke Prevention
Main Adverse Effects: Bleeding, GI upset
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Bleeding precautions, Take with food
Lispro, Aspart
Class: Rapid-Acting Insulin
Indication: Type 1 & 2 DM
Main Adverse Effects: Hypoglycemia
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Take with meals, Have food ready
Glargine, Detemir
Class: Long-Acting Insulin
Indication: Type 1 & 2 DM
Main Adverse Effects: Hypoglycemia (less common)
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Do not mix with other insulins
Metformin
Class: Biguanide (Oral Hypoglycemic)
Indication: Type 2 DM
Main Adverse Effects: GI upset, Lactic acidosis
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Take with meals, Hold for contrast dye
Sertraline, Fluoxetine, Citalopram
Class: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
Indication: Depression, Anxiety
Main Adverse Effects: Sexual dysfunction, Weight gain, Insomnia, Serotonin syndrome
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Takes 4-6 weeks for effect, Do not stop abruptly
Lorazepam, Diazepam, Alprazolam
Class: Benzodiazepine
Indication: Anxiety, Seizures, Sedation
Main Adverse Effects: Sedation, Respiratory depression, Dependence
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Short-term use, Avoid alcohol, Fall risk
Morphine, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl
Class: Opioid Analgesic
Indication: Severe pain
Main Adverse Effects: Respiratory depression, Constipation, Sedation
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Monitor RR, Give naloxone for overdose, Fall risk
Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketorolac
Class: NSAID (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug)
Indication: Pain, Inflammation, Fever
Main Adverse Effects: GI ulcers, Renal impairment, Bleeding risk
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Take with food, Avoid in renal failure
Omeprazole, Pantoprazole
Class: PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitor)
Indication: GERD, Ulcers
Main Adverse Effects: Long-term risk of fractures, Hypomagnesemia, C. diff
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Take before meals, Avoid long-term use without need
Ranitidine, Famotidine
Class: H2 Receptor Blocker
Indication: GERD, Ulcers
Main Adverse Effects: Few side effects, Possible confusion in elderly
Key Patient Teaching/Consideration: Take with or without food
