numbers Flashcards
What do PCP trips do?
They cause bizarre behavior, suicides, and violent crimes
What do LSD trips do
They can cause flashbacks - trips that happen after the first trip without more LSD
How many FDA approved drugs are smoked?
none
Average percent of Marijuana that is THC
8-15%
Drug Classifications
Narcotics, Stimulants, Sedative Hypnotics, Hallucinogens, Marijuana, Inhalants, Anabolic Steroids
Patterns of Drug Use/Stages of Dependency
Experimentation, Desired Effect, Tolerance, Denial, Drug Dependency
Why do addictions occur?
Nature of the Person - physical/genetic nature, curiosity, peer pressure, self-esteem; Nature of the Drug - Euphoria: Sense of great well-being and pleasure caused by the drug; Consequences from Society - society or family that tolerates abuse, encourages it
How do you reduce your risk of cancer?
Self Exams; Doctor Tests; Avoiding alcohol, STIs, tobacco, exposure to dangerous chemicals, airborne fibers, air pollution; Knowledge of family cancer history; Desirable weight; UV Radiation
What does CAUTION stand for?
Change in bowel/bladder habits, A sore that doesn’t heal, Unusual bleeding/discharge, Thickening or lump in a breast or elsewhere, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness
How does cancer develop?
Exposure to carcinogen or initiator, Initiator enters cells, Cells’ genetic material changes, Promoter speeds development, Cells multiply, Tumors develop, Malignant tumor grows and spreads to surrounding tissue, Metastasis occurs
7 Ways HIV is Transmitted
Sexual contact, Contaminated needles, Bodily fluids, Blood transfusions, Organ transplant, Mother with HIV, Open mouth Kissing
5 Types of Pathogens
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa, Helminth
What is the Immune System composed of?
Body organs, Tissues, Cells, Chemicals
3 Major Changes to Make in Your Diet
Trans Fats to Oils, Meats to Lean Meats, White Grains to Whole Grains
6 Nutriesnts
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water
What influences what we eat and drink?
Personal preference, Ethnicity, Learned behavior, Convenience and price, Habit
4 Food Areas in the Dairy Group
Milk, Cheese, Yogurt, Non-dairy Calcium Alternatives
3 Things you can do to make your plate better
Half your plate should be fruits and vegetables, Half your grains should be whole, Switch to fat free, skim, or 1% milk
5 areas of MyPlate
Fruits, Vegetables, Grains, Lean Protein, Dairy
What are the current USDA guidelines?
Myplate.gov with 5 food groups; Different shape and associated with food to grab consumer attention; “My” continues personal approach from MyPyramid
What were the USDA guidelines in 2005? What did they include?
MyPyramid Food Guidelines System with 5 food groups; Redrawn form of 1992 Pyramid, Included exercise
What percent of rape victims know their offender
75%
9 Types of Violence
Bullying, Fighting, Assault, Suicide, Homicide, Sexual Harassment, Rape, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence
6 Leading Causes of Death From Ages 15-24
Unintentional Injury, Suicide, Homicide, Cancer, Heart Disease, Birth Defects
4 Most Common Accidental Deaths
Unintentional Poisoning, Motor Vehicle, Unintentional Fall, All Unintentional Injury
What percent of teen deaths occur on Friday and Saturday?
53%
How much does having 2 friends and 3+ friends in your car affect your risk of a fatal car accident
2 times and 4 times
How long is the average time texting takes your eyes off the road?
5 seconds
How many teens die each day in motor vehicle accidents?
6
10 Advertising Appeals and Explanations
Brand Loyalty, False Image, Scientific Evidence, Humor, Glittering Generality, Bandwagon, Progress, Reward, Sex, Testimonial
How do you keep your mental health stable?
Learn to come, Find time to have fun, Spend time with friends and family, Limit stress
Describe someone with good Family-Social Health
Develops friendships, Helps others, Strong bond with family, Socializes well
Describe someone with good Physical Health
Regular doctor visits, Avoids harmful behavior, Aware of infectious diseases, Prevents lifestyle diseases, Sleeps, Maintains a good weight, physical fitness, and diet
How can contracting a communicable disease impact your future? Include 4 of the 5 areas of the health triangle and give 2 examples of each.
Physical: Can die, Be forced to stop working and go on welfare; Mental: Lose self esteem, Feel useless; Emotional: Depressed, Feel like you failed and lost; Social: Lose friends, Alienated by family
Explain different ways you can contract HIV/AIDS, what happens to your body when you contract it, how someone is diagnosed with AIDS, and what the symptoms are.
Sex, kissing, contaminated needles, bodily fluids, blood transfusion, organ transplant, mother with HIV; It disables the T cells; When they have less than 200 T cells; Inability to fight off infections
How can your diet help prevent cancer? Include the four guidelines and examples of foods you should consume to help prevent cancer.
Avoid carcinogens in meat, coffee, tobacco; Eat antioxidants in fruits and vegetables, colorful food; 4: Avoid obesity, Fruits and vegetables, Limit fat consumption, No alcohol
Explain 4 ways drug abuse impacts society economically and socially
E: Takes money from poor people who need it to advance in society, Takes money from the economy; S - Makes people outcasts to their families and friends, Keeps people from getting jobs and contributing to the advancement of everyone as a whole
Think of a scenario where you are being pressured or offered to try an illegal drug to escape your problems. Explain how you would handle this situation, and use refusal skills we went over as part of your answer.
New possible friend wants to get to know you better, offers a free try of his supply; explain how many people die every day and how it would hurt my health
Pretend you just came upon an unconscious person laying on a bike path. Write down the steps in order that you would follow to help this person until professionals arrive. They will need adult CPR.
Check the scene, Check for life signs, Call 911 and get an AED, Begin CPR at a rate of 100-120 bpm with 2 breaths per 30 chest compressions, After 5 cycles, check for life signs, Stop when professionals arrive, too tired, someone else takes over, scene is unsafe, obvious life signs, AED is available
Explain 6 ways on how to improve your health status in order to live a long, healthy life. Explain the components or states of the health triangle and give 2 examples from each area from your own life that will help to improve your overall health status.
M/E - Health of my mind: Control stress, Choose to look at the bright side of random events; F/S - Health of my relationships: Surround myself with people who are against using drugs, Explain my feelings to others; P - Health of my body: Educate myself about the risks of my family genes, Avoid getting myself in dangerous situations (Reference the factors that positively/negatively affect health status)
Give an example of an advertisement to show how we are influenced through media or culture. Please use 2 of the 10 advertisement appeals to explain your answer.
Old Spice uses sex and comedy
How can being a victim of violence impact your mental, emotional, social, and physical state of well-being?
P: Can become disabled; M: Can make you feel weak and powerless; S: Looked down upon or pitied; E: Depressed
What are 5 factors that positively and negatively affect your health status?
Heredity, Environment, Random Events, Behaviors, Communication Skills
Explain how legal consequences of an unsafe practice will affect personal freedom, future education, career, and transportation. How does it affect your physical, mental, and social components?
If you text and drive… PF: Go to jail for homicide; FE: Rejected by colleges; C: Fewer accepted applications for jobs; T: Driver’s license revoked; P: Lose limbs; M: PTSD; S: Lose friends
What is the age and weight someone is considered an adult for having an AED used on them?
9 years or older or over 55 pounds
Best chance of survival for a victim of cardiac arrest is in the first…
4 minutes
What should you do for a victim experiencing a seizure?
Don’t hold or restrain victim, don’t place anything in their mouth, remove objects that may cause injury
When a victim is in shock, the circulatory system fails to…
Deliver blood to all parts of the body
Steps to Control Bleeding
Cover with a dressing and press firmly with direct pressure, Elevate injury, Add extra dressing until bleeding stops
3 Signs a Victim is Internally Bleeding
Cool, moist, or bluish green, Vomiting or coughing up blood, Tender, swollen, bruising, or hardness of the body
3 Signs a Victim is Internally Bleeding
There are approximately _______ pints of blood per _______ pounds
2, 25
5 Steps to Splinting
support the injured area, Check circulation, Place splint, Tie splint in place, Re-check circulation
When should you use RICE?
When caring for a muscle, bone, or joint injury
How do you treat a dislocated finger?
Apply ice, immobilize, and go to doctor
What age is someone considered an adult for CPR?
12 years or older
How deep should chest compressions be?
2 inches
How fast should you give chest compressions?
100-120 bpm
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths?
30 ti 2
How long should you check for signs of life?
No more than 10 seconds
When do you use SAMPLE?
When there are no life-threatening injuries
What does SAMPLE stand for?
Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last time ate or drank, Events leading up to incident
3 Universal Precautions
Wash hands, wear a face mask, layer gloves
How many meals should you eat per day?
5-6 small meals, needs change depending on many variables
5 Ways Drugs Are Taken
Orally, Injected, Inhaled, Absorbed, Implanted
What causes Chronic Diseases?
Lifestyle choices, Genetics, Environment
High Risk Behaviors for Contracting HIV
Anal intercourse, Injecting needles with multiple users, Vaginal intercourse
How many lymphocytes do we have per cubic millimeter of blood?
4,000 - 10,000
factors that affect your health status
behavioral, mental / emotional, social, spiritual, environmental, and economic.
What 4 things on the skin kill pathogens?
Tears, Perspiration, Saliva, Oils
4 Life Threatening Conditions A-B-C’S
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Severely bleeding
3 Reasons to Move an Injured Person
To avoid immediate danger, to get to a more seriously injured person, or to give proper care
Why are smoked forms of drugs bad?
They have harmful chemicals that create more health problems; Marijuana cigarettes have 4 times
what are Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannibinols effects?
Affects hearing, touch, taste, smell; Abnormal heart action; Low sperm count; Lung damage; Mild euphoria
Treatments for Drug Addiction
Detoxification, Inpatient Care, Outpatient Care, Halfway House, Recovery Programs, SAP, Additional
How do you drink responsibly?
Know limit, Space out drinks, Small glasses, Dilute mix drinks, Eat while drinking, Don’t DUI, Don’t drink and take medication, Don’t drink when pregnant
How much crime and violent crime is related to alcohol?
50%; 75%
What factors does cancer treatment depend on?
Type of cancer, How much it has spread, Location of cancer, Patient’s choice, Shape of patient
Symptoms of Stroke
Sudden weakness, Loss of speech, Dizziness, Unsteadiness, Dimness, Loss of vision, Paralysis, Disability, Death
Factors that could lead to Cardiovascular Disease
Gender, Heredity, Smoking, Hypertension, High Cholesterol, Poor Diet, Diabetes, Obesity, Lack of Exercise, Stress
What tests are required to confirm someone has HIV?
2 ELISA tests, 1 Western Blot test
How many teens contract an STI each year?
1 in 4
Last Line of Defense Against Infection
Immunity: Active; Passive; Inborn
First Line of Defense Against Infection
Structural : Skin; Mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, and lungs; Cilia; Digestive juices; Tears
Possible Causative Factors of Illness
Host, Environment, Time, Agent, Susceptibility, Relapse
6 Ways Pathogens Spread
Direct contact, In the air, Contaminated objects, Bites from infected animals, Food or water, Not washing hands
5 Tips to Healthy Eating
Don’t skip meals, Learn healthy ways to eat and prepare foods, Experiment with herbs and spices, Son’t consume empty calories, Eat in moderation
4 Guidelines to Reduce Cancer Risk
Avoid obesity, Eat fruits and vegetables, Limit fat consumption, Avoid alcohol
No more than ___% of calories should come from saturated fat
10
What factors in to individual requirements of nutrition?
Convenience, Personal Preference, Food Preparation Time
4 Areas of the Fruit Group
Berries, 100% Fruit Juice, Melons, Other Fruits
2 Categories in the Grain Group
Refined, Whole
7 Food Areas in the Protein Group
Meat, Poultry, Beans and Peas, Soy Products, Eggs, Nuts and Seeds, Seafood
Food Guide Pyramid with 5 food groups and fats and sugars in the tip; Included daily amounts of food across 3 calorie levels, Focused on variety, moderation, proportion
the USDA guidelines in 1992?
Food Wheel with 5 food groups; Aimed for nutrient adequacy and moderation, Daily amounts of food at 3 calorie levels, First illustrated for a Red Cross nutrition course
What were the USDA guidelines in 1984?
Food for Fitness with 4 basic food groups; Specified amounts from each food group, Aimed for nutrient adequacy
the USDA guidelines from 1956-70? What did they include?
A Guide to Good Eating with 7 basic food groups; Included daily number of servings from each food group; Lacked specific serving sizes
the USDA guidelines in the 1940’s? What did they include?
Food for Young Children” and “How to Select Food”; Focused on “protective foods”
he USDA guidelines from 1916-30? What did they include?
How do you give a rescue breath?
Open airway, pinch nose, Give slow 1 sec. breath with a complete seal, watch chest rise
Emergency Action Principles, 3 Cs
Check, Call, Care
Date Rape Drugs
Roofies, GHB, Ketamine
3 Types of Homicide
Manslaughter, Excusable homicide, Justifiable Homicide
are teen drivers or 20+ drivers more likely to be in a fatal crash and how many times more?
Teens are 3 times as likely
What should you do to be a smart consumer?
When buying health products, educate yourself, research, and differentiate facts from false advertising; Look for an FDA approval, consult a doctor
What factors affect what a healthy meal is for each person?
Age, genetics, gender, activity, and specific coondition
What is FITT used for?
Obtaining benefits from physical activity
Explain 4 factors that could impact your nutritional choices. Provide examples from your own diet as part of your explanation.
Cost, Personal Preference, Convenience, Nutritional Knowledge (Explain how these impact your choices)
7 Risk Factors of Diseases You Can Control
Cholesterol, Diet, Tobacco, Weight, Activity, Stress, and Blood Pressure
4 Risk Factors of Diseases You Can’t Control
Age, Gender, Race, Genetics
3 Parts of the Health Triangle
Mental-Emotional, Physical, Family-Social
5 Things You Must Do For Protection From the Good Samaritan Law
Get consent, Call 911 and get an AED, Check for life-threatening injuries, Don’t move the victim unless necessary, Don’t abandon the victim
5 Links of the Cardiac Chain of Survival in Order
Early recognition and access to emergency system, Early CPR, Early AED, Early advanced life support, Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
Signs of Heart Attack
Chest pain, sweating, nausea, shortness of breath, or ill feeling
What does RICE stand for?
Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate
3 Things to Do If You Are Alone and Choking
Abdominal thrust, Use tall chair to perform thrusts for you, Call 911 from a landline
4 Steps For Checking an Unconscious Adult in Order
Check scene, Tap and shoot “Are you alright?”, Call 991 and get an AED, Check for signs of life
Hours of Sleep People Need By Age
Newborn: 17-18, 5 Years: 10-12, Avg. Young Adult: 8-10
