Null Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
Name the 2 hypotheses that Null Hypothesis Testing involves.
Null Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
H0 = _____________
null hypothesis
H1= ________
alternative hypothesis
What is the null hypothesis?
Statement about the independence or equality in populations. Essentially saying nothing is happening, no effect.
What is the alternative hypothesis?
Statement about the presence of important differences or associations in populations. Essentially saying there is some kind of effect.
What hypothesis do we always favour?
The null hypothesis.
What hypothesis is this?: "there is no difference between results of men and women in the class test"
Null Hypothesis
What hypothesis is this?: "There is a difference between results of men and women in class test"
Alternative Hypothesis
We calculate the _____ that the difference between men and women’s scores was by chance.
Probability
What is probability?
the likelihood or chance that something will happen.
What is the probability equation?
P = number of actual outcomes/ number of possible oustcomes.
How do we decide if an observed difference is large enough to allow us to reject the null hypothesis?
If p = < .05
If the difference occurred by chance less than 1 in ___ e.g. 0.05 or 5%
20
What does the 5% chance correspond to?
The 5% of scores outwith the 95% - 2.5% on each side of the normal distribution
If P = > 0.05 you ____ the NH.
accept
If p= >0.05 is it significant?
no
If p = <0.05 you _____ the NH
reject
and accept the AH!
If p = <0.05 is it significant?
YES
If p is low then the null must….
GO
non-significant results don’t mean _____ results.
insignificant
What is an Effect Size?
Effect Size tells you about the magnitude of an effect rather than simply whether it is significant.
Effect sizes don’t depend on _______
sample size
Effect sizes are ____ across studies.
Standardised
effect sizes means you can _____ across studies.
compare
