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Radiology Core QA > Nukes QA > Flashcards

Nukes QA Flashcards

1
Q

How do you test Uniformity?

A

Flood test. 2-5% uniformity allowed. 1% for SPECT.

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2
Q

How do you test Extrinsic Uniformity and how often?

A

Flood test with a collimator. Daily

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3
Q

How do you test Intrinsic Uniformity and how often?

A

Flood test without a collimator. Weekly.

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4
Q

What are the recommended counts for a flood test?

A

5-10 million

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5
Q

How often do you test gamma camera linearity? How?

A

Weekly with a bar phantom.

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6
Q

How often do you test SPECT center of rotation? How?

A

Monthly. 5 point sources along the axis of rotation. Ring artifact implies uniformity issue.

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7
Q

What is this and what do you use it for?

A

Well counter. Used for small samples (mainly the Wipe test). Uses a scintiallation detect.

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8
Q

What is this and what is it used for?

A

Thyroid Probe (scintillation detector, uses a small gamma camera with NaI crystal and single PMT). Calcualtes thyroid uptake values for patients and nuc med workers after I131 doses.

Can give you information about photopeaks.

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9
Q

What is this?

How does it detect radiation?

A

Gieger-Muller Counter

Gas-filled chamber. Used to detects counts only. Used for spills and packages.

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10
Q

What is this?

When is it used?

A

Ion Chamber (uses a gas-filled chamber)

Used to detect radiation at higher doses that would overload a gieger muller counter and is able to quantify dose. Dose callibrators are ion chambers.

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11
Q

What mechanism does a dose calibrator use to detect radiation?

A

Ion Chamber

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12
Q

How often is consistency checked on the dose calibrator?

A

Daily (should be within 5%)

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13
Q

How often is linearity checked with a dose calibrator?

A

Quarterly

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14
Q

When is accuracy checked with dose calibrators?

A

At device installation and annually

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15
Q

When is geometry checked with dose calibrators?

A

At device intallation and every time the device is moved and annually

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16
Q

What is considered a major spill? (think dose of radioisotope)?

A

Low Energy Isotopes: >100 mCi

Tc-99m, TI-201

Medium Energy Isotopes: >10 mCi

In-11, I-123, Ga-67

High Energy Isotopes: >1 mCi

I-131

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17
Q

What to in a major spill?

A

Clear the area

Cover the spill. DO NOT CLEAN IT UP.

Indicate boundaries of spill

Shield Source

NOTIFY THE RSO IMMEDIATELY

Decontaminate persons

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18
Q

Annual Radiation dose limit for the general public?

A

100 mrem (1 mSv)

No greater than 2 mrem/hr in unrestricted areas

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19
Q

When do you need a radiation area sign?

A

5 mrem (0.05 mSv) in 1 hr at 30 cm

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20
Q

What is considered a high radiation area?

A

100 mrem (1 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm

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21
Q

What is considered a very high radiation area?

A

500 rads (5 Gy) in 1 hour at 1 meter.

Note the change in units because we are now measuring deterministic effects, not just stoichiastic

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22
Q

Annual total body occupational radiation dose limit for a person?

A

5 rem (50 mSv)

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23
Q

Annual occupational dose limit to the ocular lens?

A

15 rem (150 mSv)

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24
Q

Annual occupational dose limit to a single organ (including skin) or an extremity?

A

50 rem (500 mSv)

25
Q

Total pregnancy embyo/fetus dose (over the 9 months)?

A

0.5 rem (5 mSv)

Fetus can have an additional 0.5 mSv for the remainder of the pregnancy if they are exceeded at time of declaration (or if within 0.5 mSv of limit at time of declaration)”

26
Q

Radiation conversions:

1 rad = ? rem

1 Gy = ? rad

1 Sv = ? rem

A

1 rad = 1 rem

1 Gy = 100 rad

1 Sv = 100 rem

27
Q

What is considered a REPORTABLE nuclear medicine medical event?

(Just considered a medical event with newer NRC rules)

A

Wrong drug, wrong route, wrong patient, wrong dose (>20% of prescribed dose), or dose to wrong part of body >50% of expected dose to body part)

AND

whole body dose >5 rem (50 mSv) or single organ dose >50 rem (500 mSv)

28
Q

What needs to be done with a NM Reportable medical event?

A
  • Call NRC within 24 hours
  • Send Letter to the NRC within 15 days
  • Notify referring physician within 24 hours
  • Notify patient
29
Q

What to do when recieving NM package?

A

Within 3 hours of package receipt:

  • Gieger Muller test at package surface and at 1 meter (only measures counts)
  • Wipe test all surfaces of package (>6600 dpm/300cm^2 is not allowed)
  • Leave the package in a controllable area
30
Q

Nuclear medicine white 1 package label implies?

A
  • No special handling
  • Surface dose <0.5 mrem/hr, 0 mrem/hr at 1 meter
31
Q

Nuclear medicine yellow 2 label implies?

A

-Special handling required

<50 mrem/hr at surface, <1 mrem/hr at 1 m

32
Q

NM yellow 3 label implies?

A

-Special handling required

<200 mrem/hr at surface, <10 mrem/hr at 1 meter

33
Q

How is NM package transportation index (T.I.) determined?

A

Package dose at 1 meter at time of shipping

  • White 1 = Radiactive label 1 -> T.I. = 0
  • Yellow 2 = Radioactive label 2 -> T.I. <1 mrem/hr
  • Yellow 3 = Radioactive label 3 -> T.I. > 1 mrem/hr
34
Q

What are the package limits that can be shipped via a common carrier?

A

Same as yellow 3 limits (surface <200 mrem/hr, <10 mrem/hr at 1 meter)

35
Q

If multiple packages of radioactive material are shipped together, what is the dose limit at the surface of the group?

A

50 mrem/hr

36
Q

The stomach is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

A

Pertechnetate

37
Q

The spleen is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

A

Octreotide

Damaged RBC tracers

In-WBC

38
Q

The distal colon is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

39
Q

The bladder is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

A

MAG3

I123 MIBG

TcMDP

40
Q

The proximal colon is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

A

Oral Sulfur Colloid

Sestamibi

41
Q

The renal cortex is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

A

Thallium

DMSA

42
Q

The gallbladder wall is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

43
Q

The liver is the critical organ for what radiotracer(s)?

A

In-Prostascint

I131 MIBG

IV sulfur colloid

44
Q

What crystal is used in gamma camera scintillators?

A

NaI doped with thallium (the activator)

45
Q

What cystal is used in modern PET scintillators?

A

LSO (Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate)

46
Q

How is a PET blank scan performed, how often, and why is it performed?

A

Performed daily

1) using only a positron source (considered having nothing in the FOV) OR 2) using a cylindrical positron phamtom

Checks from gross non-uniformity (damaged crystal/detector)

47
Q

How is a PET normalization scan performed, how often, and why?

A

Performed monthly

Performed using either method same as a blank scan (1) using only a positron source (considered having nothing in the FOV) OR 2) using a cylindrical positron phantom)

Checks and CORRECTS for fine non-uniformity

48
Q

What radioactive isotope is used in PET QA scans?

A

Gallium 68 eluted from a Germanium 68 generator

49
Q

How often do you check constancy/sensitivty of a NaI well counter?

50
Q

How often do you check consistency of Geiger Muller and ion chambers?

How often are they calibrated?

A

Daily

On receipt, repair, and annually

51
Q

When do you need to do Gieger Muller (GM) surveys and wipe tests in nuclear medicine rooms? How often?

A

Need to do GM surveys and wipe tests in any rooms/areas of where unsealed radioactive materials are used.

GM surveys = daily

Wipe test = Weeky

52
Q

How much Mo is allowed in the Tc (Moly Breakthrough)?

A

0.15 microCi of Mo per 1 milliCi of Tc

Test with dose calibrator with a lead shield

53
Q

How much Al is allowed in the Tc? (Aluminum breakthrough)

A

< 10 microgram of Al per 1 ml

Tested with paper strip test

54
Q

How do you test for free Tc?

A

Thin layer chromotography

55
Q

What does authorization 35.100, 35.200, and 35.300 mean?

A

100 - uptake, dilution, and execution of unsealed radiation byproduct material

200 - use any unsealed byproduct material prepared for medical use for imaging and localization studies

300 - use any unsealed byproduct that requires a written directive (I131 therapy)

56
Q

How often must sealed sources be tested for leaks? and how?

A

At least every 6 months and with a wipe test.

57
Q

After administration of I-131, what factors determine if the patient be released?

A

If less than 33 mCi of I131 was administered, the patient may be released without further monitoring.

Radiation dose cannot excceed 7 mrem (0.07 mSv) per hour at 1 meter from the patient’s chest prior to release.

Effective dose to a member of the patient’s immediate family cannot exceed 5 mSv.

58
Q

What is the dose limit to the public in the waiting room of a nuc med clinic?

A

0.002 rem (0.02 mSv) per hour

Radiology Core QA (5 decks)

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