NIS Flashcards
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “serving the interest of the patient”?
Principle of primacy of patient welfare
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “Physicians must be honest with their patients and empower them to make informed decisions”?
Principle of patient autonomy
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “fair distribution of healthcare resources”?
Principle of social justice
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “commitment to lifelong learning”?
Commitment to professional competence
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “Medical errors should be communicated promptly to patients and patients should be honestly informed before treatment consent”
Commitment to honesty with patients
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “physicians are responsible for safeguarding patient information”?
Commitment to patient confidentiality
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “certain relationships should be avoided”?
Commitment to maintaining appropriate relations with patients
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “physicians should not only maintain clinical competence, but should work collaboratively with other professions to continuously improve the quality of healthcare”?
Commitment to improving quality of care
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “work to provide a uniform and adequate standard of care reducing barriers to equitable healthcare”?
Commitment to improving access to care
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “provide cost-effective health and develop guidelines for effective use of healthcare resources”?
Commitment to just distribution of finite resources
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “upholding scientific standards, promote research, and create new medical knowledge”?
Commitment to scientific knowledge
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “obligation to recognize and disclose to the general public and deal with conflicts of interest”?
Commitment to maintaining trust by managing conflicts of interest
Of the fundamental principles and physician responsibilities in the Physician Charter of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), which describes “work collaboratively to maximize patient care, participate in self regulation including remediation and discipline of members who have failed to meet professional standards”?
Commitment to professional responsibilities
What are the two dimensions of quality?
excellence and consistency
What are the two goals of quality?
1) Maximize the likelihood of health outcomes desired by the patient 2) Satisfy the patient (excellence from the perspective of the patient)
What is the difference between Quality Control, Quality assurance, and quality improvment?
Quality control = measuring and testing elements to ensure that standards are met and correcting instances of poor quality. Ex: proofreading a report. Quality assurance = a process for monitoring and ensuring performance quality in an organization (includes QC but has a broader strategy as well). Ex: standardized templates with performance metrics Quality improvement = activities designed to improve performance quality in an organization in a systematic and sustainable way. Ex: implementation of standardized templates through a QI project with monitoring.
Who’s responsible for “Continuous quality improvement”?
Everyone.
The 2001 Institute of Medicine Report, “Crossing the Quality Chasm” stated that everyone has a responsibility to make healthcare: (6 things)
Safe, Effective, Patient-centered, Timely, Efficient, Equitable
The ACGME and American Board of Medical Specialties described these 6 core competences that all physicians should attain:
1) Practice-based learning and improvement 2) Patient care and procedural skills 3) Systems-based practice - i.e. coordinate care in a healthcare system 4) Medical Knowledge 5) Interpersonal and Communication skills 6) Professionalism
According to the 2000 Institute of Medicine Report, “To err is human”, how many in hospital deaths per year were attributable to medical errors?
44000 to 98000 in hospital deaths per year
According to the 2000 Institute of Medicine Report, “To err is human”, what was a fundamental change needed to decrease error?
Blaming and “rooting out the bad apples” was not a viable strategy to decrease error
The 2015 Institute of Medicine Report, “Improving Diagnosis in Health Care” added a definition to diagnostic error which was directly related to radiology. What was this?
It defined diagnostic error as the failure to 1) establish an accurate and timely explanation of the patient’s health problems OR 2) communicate that explanation to the patient. The emphasis on communication came with several recommendations for IT and radiology to improve communication.
Regarding error reduction, what is human factor engineering?
Attempts to design systems that optimize safety and minimize the risk of error in complex environments. EX: a plug can only be plugged in the correct way.
What is this chart and what does it show?
Annotated run chart. Indicates the dates and natures of interventions implemented during the project plotted with a quantified outcomes measure on the y axis. Measures performance.
What diagram is this diagram and what is it used for?
Fishbone or cause and effect diagram. Tool to document causes of problems that negatively affect performance. Identifies causes of problems.
What is this chart and what does it show?
Pareto chart. Illustrates which causes occur most frequently - part of prioritizing problem-solving efforts.
