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Nueroanatomy Flashcards

Learn brain divisions and area meanings

1
Q

Nervous system

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

environmental interaction and movement control

  • Afferent = PNS to CNS
  • efferent = CNS to PNS
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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

regulation of internal states such as tiredness and digestion
efferent nerves split into parasympathetic (reserves energy) and sympathetic (uses energy)

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6
Q

Scalp

A 
skin
subcutaneous connective tissue
Galea aponeurotica
loose areolar tissue
pericranium
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7
Q

Skull

A

22 bones (8 cranial, 24 facial)

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8
Q

Cranial fissures

A

parietal bone
frontal bone
temporal bone
occipital bone

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9
Q

Fontanelles

A

baby skull movements

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10
Q

Skull Foramina

A

sinus holes

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11
Q

Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid membrane
Sub-arachnoid space filled with CSF
pia mater

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12
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A

Right and left side switch over

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13
Q

Contralateral

Ipsilateral

A

opposite side

same side

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14
Q

Anatomical Directions

A

Back
posterior
caudal

front
anterior
rostral

back (dorsal) front (ventral) in cerebellum

top
dorsal
superior

bottom
inferior
ventral

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15
Q

Planes of section

A

sagittal (side on)
Coronal (back head)
Axial ( bird view)

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16
Q

Dividing the brain

A 
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
temporal lobe 
cerebellum
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17
Q

Sulcus

A

separates lobes

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18
Q

Gyri/sulci

A

increases cortical volume

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19
Q

Post central Gryus

A

Somatosensory functions (left side)

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20
Q

Precentral gryus

A

Motor functions (right side)

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21
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Decision and problem solving

inhibition

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22
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex

visual association areas

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23
Q

parietal lobe

A

somato tactile processing
sensory integration
Somatosensory association

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24
Q

Temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex
Speech
Auditory association

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25
Cerebellum
Coordination of voluntary motor movement
26
hemispheric asymmetry
left side language right side speech and motor movements damage is contralateral
27
commisural pathways
connect regions of hemispheres midbrain cerebellum spinal cord
28
corpus callosum
largest commisure axons link regions especially tacticle movement
29
corpus callosum 2
fibres run into frontal lobes from genu and fibres from both sides form a forceps minor (fork structure)
30
corpus callosum 3
fibres run into occipital lobe in a forceps major
31
callsoectomy
severe epilepsy procedure stopping hemisphere info transfer acting as two separate brains
32
chimeric figures
focus on dot and asked to point to complete picture and would point towards one side but say another
33
disconnection syndrome
agraphia is no langauge access and no left hand writing ability anomia cant name left hand objects but can in right hand
34
unilateral apraxia
verbal instructed task with right hand but not left
35
verbal anosmia
cant name smells to right nose, left hand identifies objects
36
disconnection syndrome 2
non dominant hand has own mind and isnt supressed by dominant hand
37
spacial decoupling
can draw two different shapes at same time
38
anterior commissure
bundle of nerve fibres for sensation and pain | visual and auditory information transferred between temporal lobes
39
hippocampal commissure
memory
40
habenular commisure
dopamine/ serotonin regulation
41
posterior commisure
bilateral pupillary light reflex
42
association fibres
connect regions of cerebral cortex in one hemisphere
43
projection fibres
in white matter to terminate matter (white/grey)
44
white matter
60% brain volume myleinated
45
grey matter
``` unmyelinated 40% nerve cell bodes processing concluded here cerebral cortex largest for grey matter ```
46
CNS myelination
oligodendrocyte
47
PNS Myelination
schwann cells
48
hypothalamus
temp, thirst, hunger, sleep
49
thalamus
sensory and motor signals
50
basal ganglia
``` voluntary motor movements cognition learning habits emotions eye movement ```
51
neural development
CNS forms day 18 | organ and brain develop first
52
pre natal development
pro = tel and die fore mes = mes mid rhomb = met and mye hind spinal cord
53
first trimester
2nd month neural tube 3rd month embryo reflexes sex hormones release
54
second trimester
4th month sensory input | 5th month some motor control
55
third trimester
cortical surface insula hidden lateral sulcus compassion and empathy
56
forebrain telencephalon
largest brain section voluntary movement with cognitive process
57
amygdala (forebrain)
memory and decision making
58
hippocampus (forebrain)
memory and decision making
59
forebrain diencephalon
thalamus | hypothalamus = posterior division of forebrain connecting with hemisphere and mes
60
diencephalon thalamus
inner room sensory and motor relay conciousness and sleep intergreates cerebral corte xinformation
61
diencephalon hypothalamus
temperature, thirst, sex drive | hormone release
62
mesencephalon
auditory and visual reflex
63
mesencephalon tegmentum
reflex pathway prevents unwanted movement eye movement
64
metencephalon pons
respiration and swallowing | relays forebrain info to the cerebellum
65
myelencephalon
breathing and heart rate
66
broadmann area
1,2,3 primary somatosensory cortex 4 primary motor cortex 17 visual cotrex 41,42 auditory cortex

BBC (2 decks)

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