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BBC > Nueroanatomy > Flashcards

Nueroanatomy Flashcards

Learn brain divisions and area meanings

1
Q

Nervous system

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

environmental interaction and movement control

  • Afferent = PNS to CNS
  • efferent = CNS to PNS
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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

regulation of internal states such as tiredness and digestion
efferent nerves split into parasympathetic (reserves energy) and sympathetic (uses energy)

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6
Q

Scalp

A 
skin
subcutaneous connective tissue
Galea aponeurotica
loose areolar tissue
pericranium
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7
Q

Skull

A

22 bones (8 cranial, 24 facial)

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8
Q

Cranial fissures

A

parietal bone
frontal bone
temporal bone
occipital bone

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9
Q

Fontanelles

A

baby skull movements

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10
Q

Skull Foramina

A

sinus holes

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11
Q

Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid membrane
Sub-arachnoid space filled with CSF
pia mater

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12
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A

Right and left side switch over

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13
Q

Contralateral

Ipsilateral

A

opposite side

same side

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14
Q

Anatomical Directions

A

Back
posterior
caudal

front
anterior
rostral

back (dorsal) front (ventral) in cerebellum

top
dorsal
superior

bottom
inferior
ventral

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15
Q

Planes of section

A

sagittal (side on)
Coronal (back head)
Axial ( bird view)

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16
Q

Dividing the brain

A 
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
temporal lobe 
cerebellum
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17
Q

Sulcus

A

separates lobes

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18
Q

Gyri/sulci

A

increases cortical volume

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19
Q

Post central Gryus

A

Somatosensory functions (left side)

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20
Q

Precentral gryus

A

Motor functions (right side)

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21
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Decision and problem solving

inhibition

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22
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex

visual association areas

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23
Q

parietal lobe

A

somato tactile processing
sensory integration
Somatosensory association

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24
Q

Temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex
Speech
Auditory association

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of voluntary motor movement

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26
Q

hemispheric asymmetry

A

left side language
right side speech and motor movements
damage is contralateral

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27
Q

commisural pathways

A

connect regions of hemispheres
midbrain
cerebellum
spinal cord

28
Q

corpus callosum

A

largest commisure
axons link regions
especially tacticle movement

29
Q

corpus callosum 2

A

fibres run into frontal lobes from genu and fibres from both sides form a forceps minor (fork structure)

30
Q

corpus callosum 3

A

fibres run into occipital lobe in a forceps major

31
Q

callsoectomy

A

severe epilepsy procedure stopping hemisphere info transfer acting as two separate brains

32
Q

chimeric figures

A

focus on dot and asked to point to complete picture and would point towards one side but say another

33
Q

disconnection syndrome

A

agraphia is no langauge access and no left hand writing ability
anomia cant name left hand objects but can in right hand

34
Q

unilateral apraxia

A

verbal instructed task with right hand but not left

35
Q

verbal anosmia

A

cant name smells to right nose, left hand identifies objects

36
Q

disconnection syndrome 2

A

non dominant hand has own mind and isnt supressed by dominant hand

37
Q

spacial decoupling

A

can draw two different shapes at same time

38
Q

anterior commissure

A

bundle of nerve fibres for sensation and pain

visual and auditory information transferred between temporal lobes

39
Q

hippocampal commissure

A

memory

40
Q

habenular commisure

A

dopamine/ serotonin regulation

41
Q

posterior commisure

A

bilateral pupillary light reflex

42
Q

association fibres

A

connect regions of cerebral cortex in one hemisphere

43
Q

projection fibres

A

in white matter to terminate matter (white/grey)

44
Q

white matter

A

60% brain volume myleinated

45
Q

grey matter

A 
unmyelinated
40%
nerve cell bodes 
processing concluded here
cerebral cortex largest for grey matter
46
Q

CNS myelination

A

oligodendrocyte

47
Q

PNS Myelination

A

schwann cells

48
Q

hypothalamus

A

temp, thirst, hunger, sleep

49
Q

thalamus

A

sensory and motor signals

50
Q

basal ganglia

A 
voluntary motor movements
cognition
learning
habits
emotions
eye movement
51
Q

neural development

A

CNS forms day 18

organ and brain develop first

52
Q

pre natal development

A

pro = tel and die fore
mes = mes mid
rhomb = met and mye hind
spinal cord

53
Q

first trimester

A

2nd month neural tube
3rd month embryo reflexes
sex hormones release

54
Q

second trimester

A

4th month sensory input

5th month some motor control

55
Q

third trimester

A

cortical surface
insula hidden lateral sulcus
compassion and empathy

56
Q

forebrain telencephalon

A

largest brain section voluntary movement with cognitive process

57
Q

amygdala (forebrain)

A

memory and decision making

58
Q

hippocampus (forebrain)

A

memory and decision making

59
Q

forebrain diencephalon

A

thalamus

hypothalamus = posterior division of forebrain connecting with hemisphere and mes

60
Q

diencephalon thalamus

A

inner room
sensory and motor relay
conciousness and sleep
intergreates cerebral corte xinformation

61
Q

diencephalon hypothalamus

A

temperature, thirst, sex drive

hormone release

62
Q

mesencephalon

A

auditory and visual reflex

63
Q

mesencephalon tegmentum

A

reflex pathway
prevents unwanted movement
eye movement

64
Q

metencephalon pons

A

respiration and swallowing

relays forebrain info to the cerebellum

65
Q

myelencephalon

A

breathing and heart rate

66
Q

broadmann area

A

1,2,3 primary somatosensory cortex
4 primary motor cortex
17 visual cotrex
41,42 auditory cortex

BBC (2 decks)

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