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Adult Part II > Nuero II > Flashcards

Nuero II Flashcards

1
Q

Contralateral

A

Affecting the opposite sides of the brain

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2
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

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3
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

Loss of same visual field bilaterally

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4
Q

Primary brain tumors

A

Diverse group of neoplasms arising from different cells of the CNS

  • benign or malignant
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5
Q

Cancers and primary brain tumors

A

Lung, melanoma, breast, colon

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6
Q

Brain tumor presentations

A

Symptoms are related to increase in intracranial pressure

Vary depending on size, growth rate, location of tumor

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7
Q

Generalized symptoms

A

Headaches, seizures, n/v, depressed level of con, neurocognitive dysfunction

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8
Q

Focal presentation

A 
Seizures 
Weakness
Sensory loss
Aphasia 
Visual spatial dysfunction
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9
Q

Papilledema

A

Blurred disk margins

Normal is : sharp margins, orangey red in color

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10
Q

Gliomas

A

15-18 % of primary brain tumors - 80%malignant - most common type of Brain tumor

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11
Q

Meningiomas

A

Not technically a brain tumor b/c they occur in meninges

36 % of all brain tumors

Females more than men, middle age adults ( 35-54)

Most are benign and slow growing Tx depends on grade and growth

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12
Q

Acoustic Neuromas - vestibular schwannomas

A

Schwann cell-derived tumors that commonly arise from the vestibular portion of 8 th CN

Benign slow-growing tumors

  • slow growing, w , older 40-50
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13
Q

Acoustic neuromas s/s

A

Asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus, balance difficulty, facial numbness, weakness, taste changes if tumor large enough to cause pressure on 5th, 7th CN

Watch and wait, serial MRI

** look up PE findings **

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14
Q

Pituitary tumors

A

Result in under or over production of hormones procedure by that cell type

Most common case of stellar masses from 30- on

Most are benign

Classified according to size < 1cm micro >1 macro

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15
Q

Pituitary gland location

A

Located inside the skill just below the brain and above the nasal passages ie the soft palate

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16
Q

Pituitary tumor - manifestations

A

Nuerological symptoms - visual defects , temporal field deficits / dilopia /vision loss, headaches

Caused by hormonal excess / deficiencies such as
- oxytocin, and vasopressin

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17
Q

ACTH hormone

A

Excess production of cortisol leads to weight gain / buffalo hump, infertility, thinning of skin and easy bruising, muscle weakness, decrease bone density, Cushing syndrome

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18
Q

Growth hormone excess

A

Acromegaly

Increase dimensions of head - face- hands - feet

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19
Q

Prolactin excess

A

Female - infertility , amenorrhea,

Male - impotence, gynecomastia, decrease libido

20
Q

Metatatic brain tumors

A

Most common brain tumor
Sites of origin : lung, breast, colon and melanoma

Symptoms : headache, vomiting, seizures, focal weakness, personality changes

21
Q

TIA

A

Temporary focal nuerologic deficit caused by brief interruption of blood flow

Stroke occurs in 1/3 of pts who have TIA

22
Q

TIA S/S the carotid territory

A

Opthalmic

Middle cerebral artery :

Anterior cerebral artery

23
Q

TIA S/S the vertebrobasilar territory

A

Posterior cerebral
- dysarthria, dysphasia, diplopia, bilateral blindness

Cerebellar
- ataxia, vertigo, dizziness

24
Q

TIA treatment

A

Reduce risk factors, refer to ER

25
Q

ABCS score

A

Estimate the risk of ischemic stroke in the first two days after TIA

Higher - more likely

26
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

80 % of stroke - due to thrombotic ( clot within brain ), embolic ( somewhere else in body)

27
Q

Hemorrhagic

A

20 % of strokes due to
Subarachnoid
Intracerebral

28
Q

Thrombotic stroke

A

Thrombus forms in narrows vessel - can occur in a large or small vessel, caused by atherosclerosis in situation - resulting in inadequate blood supply

May fluctuate, remit or progress
- weakness, arm numbness, visual changes, speech difficulty

29
Q

Embolic stroke

A

Particles of debris originating elsewhere travel to and block recipient site

Abrupt on set

Cardiac arrthymias = high risk

30
Q

Intracerebral stroke

A

Usually caused by rupture of tiny arteries within the brain tissue. As blood collects, a hematoma or blood clot forms causes increase ICP

Gradual onset and progression over minutes to house

Headaches, vomiting , decreased LOC

31
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

A

Rupture of arterial aneurysms into subarachnoid space, resulting in bleeding in the areas between the brain and thin tissues that cover the brain

Abrupt onset with thunder clap , vomiting after onset of headache

32
Q

TBI

A

A disruption in the normal function of the brain that can be caused by a bump, blow or jolt in head

33
Q

Coup/ contrecoup injures

A

The coup injury happens when head stops aburptly because of an impact and brain then crashes into the skull

Contrecoup - occurs when the brain then bounces inside the skull and impacts the opposite side of the skull

34
Q

Mild TBI

A

Symptoms may appear immediately after a traumatic event, while other may appear days or weeks later

Loc - few seconds , few min
No loc
Memory or concentration problems

35
Q

Moderate - severe TBI

A

Symptoms may appear within the first hours to days after head injury - should be in hospital

Loss of C few min to hours
Confusion
Agaitiation
Loss of coordination
Loss of bladder 
Dilation of pupils
36
Q

TBI treatment

A

Initial 1-2 days rest, monitor LOC every 3-4 hours, avoid reading, strenuous activity

Mild headache for weeks / months

37
Q

Second impact syndrome

A

A rare condition in which a second concussion occurs before a first concussion has healed, causing rapid and severe brain swelling

Dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, resp failure, death

38
Q

Post - concussion syndrome

A

A complex disorder in which a combination of symptoms can last months to years after initial injury

39
Q

Cranial Nerve mnemonic

A

On Old Olympus’s Towering Tops A Fin And German Viewed Some Hops

39
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of ability to comprehend and or / produce language

39
Q

Apraxia

A

Loss of information about how to perform an activity

39
Q

Agnosi

A

Inability to recognize familiar objects, faces, smells

40
Q

TIA Opthalmic

A

Loss of vision - transient blurred vision, sensation of shade pulled down

41
Q

TIA middle cerebral artery

A

Hemiparesis: face, arm and leg

Contralateral motor and sensory deficits

42
Q

TIA Anterior cerebral artery

A

Classically hemiparesis and hemianesthesia predominate in the contralateral leg

Cognitive, behavioral and emotional disorder

43
Q

TIA Posterior cerebral

A

Dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, bilateral blindness, unilateral motor and sensory weakness

44
Q

TIA Cerebellar

A

Ataxia, vertigo Dizziness

Adult Part II (6 decks)

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