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Human Bioscience > Nucleus And DNA > Flashcards

Nucleus And DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Where are ribosomes produced?

A

In the nucleolus

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2
Q

What makes up the nuclear envelope?

A

A double membrane barrier with nuclear pores to allow entry and exit of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleus

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3
Q

Which cells are multi-nucleate?

A

Skeletal muscle cells which have high production of contractile proteins

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4
Q

Which cells are anucleate?

A

Red blood cells, short-lived and cannot reproduce

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5
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In the nucleus and in mitochondria

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6
Q

What is chromatin?

A

DNA in a non-dividing cell. It is long and thin and invisible

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7
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

DNA in a dividing cell. It is highly coiled and visible

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8
Q

Which cells are diploid?

A

Somatic cells

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9
Q

Which cells are haploid?

A

Sex cells/gametes

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10
Q

What makes up a homologous pair?

A

One chromosome from your mother and one from your father

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11
Q

What does DNA consist of?

A

Nucleotides

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12
Q

One nucleotide consists of?

A
  • a phosphate group
  • a pentode sugar (deoxyribose)
  • a nitrogen containing base
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13
Q

What are the four bases/nucleotides?

A
  • A adenine
  • T thymine
  • C cytosine
  • G guanine
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14
Q

Which nucleotides are paired/complementary?

A

A-T

C-G

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15
Q

How many nucleotides codes for 1 amino acid?

A

3

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16
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of nucleotides that codes for one protein

17
Q

What is transcription?

A

The DNA sequence from one gene is copied as RNA

18
Q

What is translation?

A

Ribosomes then ‘read’ the RNA copy and join amino acids together to generate a protein

19
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division

20
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A 
1st phase (G1) - cell preparing itself to divide 
2nd phase (S phase) - DNA replicated 
3rd phase (G2) - cell growth continues 
4th phase (mitotic phase) - cell separation
21
Q

How many phases in the mitotic phase?

A

4

  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
22
Q

What are chromatids?

A

Two identical copies of the replicated chromosome held together

23
Q

What is the result of mitosis?

A

2 genetically identical diploid cells each with full complement of 46 chromosomes

24
Q

What is mitosis essential for?

A

Cell growth and repair

25
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Used for formation of gametes

26
Q

How many phases does meiosis have?

A

8, it goes through 2 rounds of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

27
Q

What does meiosis form?

A

4 genetically different haploid cells

28
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Cell death

Human Bioscience (7 decks)

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