Nucleus And DNA

Question 1

Where are ribosomes produced?

Answer 1

In the nucleolus

Question 2

What makes up the nuclear envelope?

Answer 2

A double membrane barrier with nuclear pores to allow entry and exit of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleus

Question 3

Which cells are multi-nucleate?

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle cells which have high production of contractile proteins

Question 4

Which cells are anucleate?

Answer 4

Red blood cells, short-lived and cannot reproduce

Question 5

Where is DNA found?

Answer 5

In the nucleus and in mitochondria

Question 6

What is chromatin?

Answer 6

DNA in a non-dividing cell. It is long and thin and invisible

Question 7

What is a chromosome?

Answer 7

DNA in a dividing cell. It is highly coiled and visible

Question 8

Which cells are diploid?

Answer 8

Somatic cells

Question 9

Which cells are haploid?

Answer 9

Sex cells/gametes

Question 10

What makes up a homologous pair?

Answer 10

One chromosome from your mother and one from your father

Question 11

What does DNA consist of?

Answer 11

Nucleotides

Question 12

One nucleotide consists of?

Answer 12

• a phosphate group
• a pentode sugar (deoxyribose)
• a nitrogen containing base

Question 13

What are the four bases/nucleotides?

Answer 13

• A adenine
• T thymine
• C cytosine
• G guanine

Question 14

Which nucleotides are paired/complementary?

Answer 14

A-T

C-G

Question 15

How many nucleotides codes for 1 amino acid?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What is a gene?

Answer 16

A sequence of nucleotides that codes for one protein

Question 17

What is transcription?

Answer 17

The DNA sequence from one gene is copied as RNA

Question 18

What is translation?

Answer 18

Ribosomes then ‘read’ the RNA copy and join amino acids together to generate a protein

Question 19

What is mitosis?

Answer 19

Cell division

Question 20

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 20

1st phase (G1) - cell preparing itself to divide 
2nd phase (S phase) - DNA replicated 
3rd phase (G2) - cell growth continues 
4th phase (mitotic phase) - cell separation

Question 21

How many phases in the mitotic phase?

Answer 21

4

• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

Question 22

What are chromatids?

Answer 22

Two identical copies of the replicated chromosome held together

Question 23

What is the result of mitosis?

Answer 23

2 genetically identical diploid cells each with full complement of 46 chromosomes

Question 24

What is mitosis essential for?

Answer 24

Cell growth and repair

Question 25

What is meiosis?

Answer 25

Used for formation of gametes

Question 26

How many phases does meiosis have?

Answer 26

8, it goes through 2 rounds of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 27

What does meiosis form?

Answer 27

4 genetically different haploid cells

Question 28

What is apoptosis?

Answer 28

Cell death