Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids, and Proteins Flashcards
Distinguish between Nucleotides and Nucleosides
Nucleotide: base (nucleic acid), pentose (monosaccharide), and phosphate group
Nucleoside: base and pentose only
Adenine Structure
Guanine Structure
Cytosine Structure
Uracil Structure
Thymine Structure
Name the nonpolar amino acids
FLAWVIG & PM
F-Phenylalanine, Phe
L-Leucine, Leu
A-Alanine, Ala
W-Tryptophan, Trp
V-Valine, Val
I-Isoleucine, Ile
G-Glycine, Gly
P-Proline, Pro
M-Methionine, Met
What are the 3 aromatic AA?
WYF
W-Tryptophan, Trp
Y-Tyrosine, Tyr
F-Phenylalanine, Phe
Name the polar, uncharged AA
STYNCQ
S-Serine, Ser
T-Threonine, Thr
Y-Tyrosine, Tyr
N-Asparagine, Asp
C-Cysteine, Cys
Q-Glutamine, Gln
What 2 AA contain S? Which one creates disulfide bridges
M-Methionine, Met
C-Cysteine, Cys
Cysteine creates disulfide bridges because it contains a thiol
Which 5 AA have charged side groups? Which are negative and which are positive?
HRKED
H-Histidine
R-Arginine
K-Lysine, Lys
E-Glutamic Acid, Glu
D-Aspartic Acid, Asp
HRK are + charge and ED are - charge
What are the pKa of the side chains for aspartic acid and glutamic acid?
Asp pKa = 3.65
Glu pKa = 4.25
What are the pKa for Arg, Lys, and His?
Arg pKa = 12.48
Lys pKa = 10.53
His pKa = 6.00
Glycine R chain structure
R chain = H
Alanine structure
R group = CH3
Valine Structure
R group = isopropyl -CH(CH3)2
Leucine structure
R group = isobutyl -CH2CH(CH3)2
Isoleucine structure
Methionine Structure
R group includes a thioether
Proline Structure
Structure of Phenylalanine
R group = benzene attached to an alanine
Tyrosine structure
R goup = phenol attached to an alanine
Tryptophan Structure
R group includes double ring structure
Structure of Serine
R group includes OH
