Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids, and Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

Distinguish between Nucleotides and Nucleosides

A

Nucleotide: base (nucleic acid), pentose (monosaccharide), and phosphate group

Nucleoside: base and pentose only

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2
Q

Adenine Structure

A
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3
Q

Guanine Structure

A
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4
Q

Cytosine Structure

A
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5
Q

Uracil Structure

A
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6
Q

Thymine Structure

A
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7
Q

Name the nonpolar amino acids

A

FLAWVIG & PM

F-Phenylalanine, Phe

L-Leucine, Leu

A-Alanine, Ala

W-Tryptophan, Trp

V-Valine, Val

I-Isoleucine, Ile

G-Glycine, Gly

P-Proline, Pro

M-Methionine, Met

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8
Q

What are the 3 aromatic AA?

A

WYF

W-Tryptophan, Trp

Y-Tyrosine, Tyr

F-Phenylalanine, Phe

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9
Q

Name the polar, uncharged AA

A

STYNCQ

S-Serine, Ser

T-Threonine, Thr

Y-Tyrosine, Tyr

N-Asparagine, Asp

C-Cysteine, Cys

Q-Glutamine, Gln

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10
Q

What 2 AA contain S? Which one creates disulfide bridges

A

M-Methionine, Met

C-Cysteine, Cys

Cysteine creates disulfide bridges because it contains a thiol

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11
Q

Which 5 AA have charged side groups? Which are negative and which are positive?

A

HRKED

H-Histidine

R-Arginine

K-Lysine, Lys

E-Glutamic Acid, Glu

D-Aspartic Acid, Asp

HRK are + charge and ED are - charge

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12
Q

What are the pKa of the side chains for aspartic acid and glutamic acid?

A

Asp pKa = 3.65

Glu pKa = 4.25

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13
Q

What are the pKa for Arg, Lys, and His?

A

Arg pKa = 12.48

Lys pKa = 10.53

His pKa = 6.00

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14
Q

Glycine R chain structure

A

R chain = H

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15
Q

Alanine structure

A

R group = CH3

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16
Q

Valine Structure

A

R group = isopropyl -CH(CH3)2

17
Q

Leucine structure

A

R group = isobutyl -CH2CH(CH3)2

18
Q

Isoleucine structure

A
19
Q

Methionine Structure

A

R group includes a thioether

20
Q

Proline Structure

A
21
Q

Structure of Phenylalanine

A

R group = benzene attached to an alanine

22
Q

Tyrosine structure

A

R goup = phenol attached to an alanine

23
Q

Tryptophan Structure

A

R group includes double ring structure

24
Q

Structure of Serine

A

R group includes OH

25
Q

Threonine Structure

A
26
Q

Cysteine Structure

A
27
Q

Asparagine Structure

A
28
Q

Glutamine Structure

A
29
Q

Histidine structure

A
30
Q

Arginine structure

A
31
Q

Lysine Structure

A
32
Q

Aspartic Acid Structure

A
33
Q

Glutamic Acid Structure

A
34
Q

What’s the difference between aspartic acid and aspartate?

A

aspartate is the deprotonated (carboxylate) version of aspartic acid

35
Q

What’s the difference between glutamic acidand glutamate?

A

Glutamate is the carboxylate (deprotonated) version of glutamic acid

36
Q

What is annealing in terms of 2 DNA strands annealing?

A

means 2 DNA strands are binding together

another term for annealing is hybridization

37
Q

The double helix is stabilized by ______ interactions between the bases, which are stacked upon each other

A

van der waals

38
Q
A