Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids, and Proteins Flashcards
Distinguish between Nucleotides and Nucleosides
Nucleotide: base (nucleic acid), pentose (monosaccharide), and phosphate group
Nucleoside: base and pentose only
Adenine Structure
Guanine Structure
Cytosine Structure
Uracil Structure
Thymine Structure
Name the nonpolar amino acids
FLAWVIG & PM
F-Phenylalanine, Phe
L-Leucine, Leu
A-Alanine, Ala
W-Tryptophan, Trp
V-Valine, Val
I-Isoleucine, Ile
G-Glycine, Gly
P-Proline, Pro
M-Methionine, Met
What are the 3 aromatic AA?
WYF
W-Tryptophan, Trp
Y-Tyrosine, Tyr
F-Phenylalanine, Phe
Name the polar, uncharged AA
STYNCQ
S-Serine, Ser
T-Threonine, Thr
Y-Tyrosine, Tyr
N-Asparagine, Asp
C-Cysteine, Cys
Q-Glutamine, Gln
What 2 AA contain S? Which one creates disulfide bridges
M-Methionine, Met
C-Cysteine, Cys
Cysteine creates disulfide bridges because it contains a thiol
Which 5 AA have charged side groups? Which are negative and which are positive?
HRKED
H-Histidine
R-Arginine
K-Lysine, Lys
E-Glutamic Acid, Glu
D-Aspartic Acid, Asp
HRK are + charge and ED are - charge
What are the pKa of the side chains for aspartic acid and glutamic acid?
Asp pKa = 3.65
Glu pKa = 4.25
What are the pKa for Arg, Lys, and His?
Arg pKa = 12.48
Lys pKa = 10.53
His pKa = 6.00
Glycine R chain structure
R chain = H
Alanine structure
R group = CH3
Valine Structure
R group = isopropyl -CH(CH3)2
Leucine structure
R group = isobutyl -CH2CH(CH3)2
Isoleucine structure
Methionine Structure
R group includes a thioether
Proline Structure
Structure of Phenylalanine
R group = benzene attached to an alanine
Tyrosine structure
R goup = phenol attached to an alanine
Tryptophan Structure
R group includes double ring structure
Structure of Serine
R group includes OH
Threonine Structure
Cysteine Structure
Asparagine Structure
Glutamine Structure
Histidine structure
Arginine structure
Lysine Structure
Aspartic Acid Structure
Glutamic Acid Structure
What’s the difference between aspartic acid and aspartate?
aspartate is the deprotonated (carboxylate) version of aspartic acid
What’s the difference between glutamic acidand glutamate?
Glutamate is the carboxylate (deprotonated) version of glutamic acid
What is annealing in terms of 2 DNA strands annealing?
means 2 DNA strands are binding together
another term for annealing is hybridization
The double helix is stabilized by ______ interactions between the bases, which are stacked upon each other
van der waals
