Nucleotides/Nucleic Acids

Question 0

What is the energy requirement for making GMP?

Answer 0

ATP

Question 1

What is the energy requirement to make AMP?

Answer 1

GTP

Question 2

What is the body’s preferred way of synthesizing purine nucleotides?

Answer 2

Salvage pathways

Question 3

What must be available in order for salvage pathways to work?

Answer 3

Hypoxanthine

Question 4

What effect does hypoxanthine have on amidophosphoribosyl transferase?

Answer 4

Inhibition

Question 5

What is made when IMP is broken down?

Answer 5

Hypoxanthine

Question 6

What is made when AMP is broken down?

Answer 6

Adenine

Question 7

If we have the presence of hypoxanthine, what effect does that have on the committed step of the PRPP pathway?

Answer 7

It is inhibited & the salvage pathway is used

Question 8

During degradation of purines to uric acid, nucleotides are converted into what?

Answer 8

Nucleosides

Question 9

During the degradation of purines to uric acid, nucleosides are converted to what?

Answer 9

Free bases

Question 10

During degradation of purines to uric acid, free bases are converted into what?

Answer 10

Common base (xanthine)

Question 11

During degradation of purines to uric acid, what is xanthine finally converted into for excretion?

Answer 11

Uric acid

Question 12

The breakdown of IMP leads to which nucleoside?

Answer 12

Inosine

Question 13

The breakdown of IMP leads to which free base?

Answer 13

Hypoxanthine

Question 14

The breakdown of XMP leads to which nucleoside?

Answer 14

Xanthosine

Question 15

The breakdown of XMP leads to which free base?

Answer 15

Xanthine

Question 16

The breakdown of GMP leads to which nucleoside?

Answer 16

Guanosine

Question 17

The breakdown of GMP leads to which free base?

Answer 17

Guanine

Question 18

The breakdown of AMP leads to which nucleoside?

Answer 18

Adenosine

Question 19

The breakdown of AMP leads to which free base?

Answer 19

Hypoxanthine

Question 20

Xanthine becomes uric acid by which enzyme?

Answer 20

Xanthine oxidase

Question 21

Xanthine becomes uric acid why which type of redox reaction?

Answer 21

Oxidation

Question 22

What is the final metabolic product of purine catabolism?

Answer 22

Uric acid

Question 23

What is the condition caused by the accumulation of excess uric acid?

Answer 23

Gout

Question 24

What is used to treat gout?

Answer 24

Allopurinol

Question 25

What does allopurinol do?

Answer 25

Inhibits xanthine oxidase

Question 26

Is ATP necessary for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

When is the ring made during the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides?

Answer 27

FIRST

Question 28

Where is the location for carbamoyl phosphate during the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides?

Answer 28

Cytosol

Question 29

Where is the location of carbamoyl phosphate during the urea cycle?

Answer 29

Mitochondria of the liver

Question 30

What enzymes make up the ring formation?

Answer 30

CAD (carbamoyl phosphatase synthetase, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase) *don't need to know by name*

Question 31

What is used during the oxidation step in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides?

Answer 31

Ubiquinone

Question 32

During purine synthesis, what is formed first?

Answer 32

Ribose addition

Question 33

What is CTP formed from?

Answer 33

UTP

Question 34

What changes UTP into CTP?

Answer 34

Adding a nitrogen donated from glutamine

Question 35

What is CTP?

Answer 35

Cytidine triphosphate

Question 36

What does a kinase do?

Answer 36

Adds a phosphate

Question 37

What are used in the salvage pathways as reactants for pyrimidines?

Answer 37

Uracil and thymidine

Question 38

What enzyme catalyzes the reduction of a hydroxyl to form deoxynucleotides?

Answer 38

Ribonucleotide reductase

Question 39

Deoxy-TMP is unique to what structure?

Answer 39

DNA

Question 40

The reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides occurs only as what type of phosphate?

Answer 40

Diphosphates

Question 41

Does thymidine synthesis have its own pathway?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

What is the major difference between uracil and thymidine?

Answer 42

Methyl group

Question 43

What is utilized during thymidine synthesis?

Answer 43

NADPH

Question 44

What is the coenzyme for thymidine synthesis?

Answer 44

Folic acid

Question 45

What is the main enzyme for thymidine synthesis?

Answer 45

Thymidylate synthase

Question 46

What pathway is stimulated by thymidine synthesis?

Answer 46

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 47

What are nitrogen donors for purines?

Answer 47

Aspartate, glutamine, glycine (GAG)

Question 48

What is both a nitrogen and carbon donor for pyrimidines?

Answer 48

Aspartate

Question 49

What is a nitrogen donor for pyrimidines?

Answer 49

Glutamine and aspartate

Question 50

What is a carbon donor for pyrimidines?

Answer 50

Bicarbonate

Question 51

What is a carbon donor for purines?

Answer 51

Carbon dioxide

Question 52

What is a carbon donor for purines and one pyrimidine (thymidine)?

Answer 52

Folic acid (THF)

Question 53

What is the starting material for the synthesis of purine nucleotides?

Answer 53

Ribose 5 phosphate

Question 54

Where does the ribose 5 phosphate come from as the starting material for the synthesis of purine nucleotides?

Answer 54

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 56

What is the precursor for AMP or GMP

Answer 56

IMP (inosine monophosphate)

Question 57

What is PRPP?

Answer 57

Ribose with a phosphate and a pyrophosphate

Question 58

What is PRPP used for?

Answer 58

To create both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides

Question 59

What is the nucleoside of adenine (free base)?

Answer 59

Adenosine

Question 60

What is the nucleoside of guanine (free base)?

Answer 60

Guanosine

Question 61

What is the nucleoside of hypoxanthine (free base)?

Answer 61

Inosine

Question 62

What is the nucleoside of uracil (free base)?

Answer 62

Uridine

Question 63

What is the nucleoside of cytosine (free base)?

Answer 63

Cytidine

Question 64

What is the nucleoside of thymine (free base)?

Answer 64

Thymidine