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Biology > nucleotides & ATP > Flashcards

nucleotides & ATP Flashcards

1
Q

nucleic acids

A

the group of organic compounds consisting of DNA, RNA and ATP

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2
Q

DNA

A

the molecule that stores the genetic information required to synthesis proteins

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3
Q

RNA

A

number of functions:
- carrying the genetic information from the nucleus to ribosomes
- forms tRNA molecules which carry amino acids
- component of ribosomes

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4
Q

ATP

A

small molecules with high energy store that can be transferred to metabolic processes

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5
Q

nucleotide

A

consists of a pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

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6
Q

nitrogenous base

A

adenine
thymine
cytosine
uracil

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7
Q

pentose

A

five carbon sugar

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8
Q

phosphate group

A

molecule consisting of phosphate and several oxygen atoms
highly polar

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9
Q

antiparallel

A

2 DNA strands run parallel to each other but in opposite directions

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10
Q

complementary

A

base pairs are complementary to each other

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11
Q

purine

A

nitrogenous base with double ring structure

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12
Q

pyrimidine

A

nitrogenous base with single ring structure

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13
Q

DNA replication

A

DNA replicated itself to form 2 identical copies
during S-phase of interphase

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14
Q

semi-conservative

A

2 daughter strands are composed of one original strand and a newly synthesised strand

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15
Q

helicase

A

enzyme that unzips the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs

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16
Q

DNA polymerase

A

enzyme that links new nucleotides together to form a new strand
forms phosphodiester bonds

17
Q

nucleoplasm

A

the region inside the nucleus where reactions occur

18
Q

free nucleotides

A
19
Q

replication fork

A

the point where the DNA is unzipped for replication

20
Q

DNA ligase

A

forms phosphodiester bond that links together the 2 DNA strands

21
Q

transcription

A

the synthesis of mRNA copied by the DNA base sequence by RNA polymerase

22
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA
carries genetic code from nucleus to ribosomes

23
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Biology (7 decks)

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