Nucleotides and Nucleosides

Question 1

nucleotides vs nucleosides

Answer 1

tides - base, sugar and phosphate

sides - base and sugar

Question 2

purine bases

Answer 2

multi ringed

A and G

Question 3

pyrimidine bases

Answer 3

single ringed

T, C and U

Question 4

what is the difference between the sugar in DNA and RNA

Answer 4

DNA - deoxyribose sugar with a H atom on 2’

RNA - ribose sugar with a hydroxyl group on 2’

Question 5

N-glycosidic bond

Answer 5

link bases to sugars on nucleosides

Question 6

what are the bases in DNA and RNA

Answer 6

DNA - deoxyribonucleotides

RNA - ribonucleotides

Question 7

ATP

Answer 7

ribonucleotide produced in the mitochondria, energy released when phosphate bonds are broken

Question 8

phosphodiester bridges

Answer 8

link deoxyribose sugars on DNA backbone

Question 9

hairpin loop

Answer 9

ability of RNA to fold back on itself which gives rise to localised base pairings

Question 10

rRNA

Answer 10

ribosomal - involved in protein synthesis

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

messenger , transfers DNA info from nucleus to ribosome

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

transfer, brings specific amino acids to ribosomes

Question 13

how is the double stranded structure of DNA held together

Answer 13

hydrogen bonds

Question 14

overview of transcription

Answer 14

• DNA unwinds

- RNA polymerase copies sequence of bases on DNA to form mRNA

Question 15

overview of translation

Answer 15

• occurs in ribosomes
• tRNA carries specific amino acids to ribosomes
• codon on mRNA corresponds to anticodon on tRNA