Intro to Cells

Question 1

What do ALL cells contain

Answer 1

DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 2

eukaryotic vs prokaryotic

Answer 2

eek - larger, more complex, nucleus, higher animals and plants
pro - small, simple structure, no nucleus, bacteria etc

Question 3

3 main components of the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 3

phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins

Question 4

cell membrane

Answer 4

semi permeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves cell
structure is phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

only in eukaryotic cells

houses DNA, site of DNA replication and. RNA synthesis

Question 6

nucleolus

Answer 6

area where ribosomes are constructed

Question 7

nuclear envelope

Answer 7

double membrane structure surrounding nucleus that allows DNA to leave but not RNA

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

site of protein translation

Question 9

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

mesh of interconnected membranes involved in protein synthesis and transport , join onto nuclear envelope

Question 10

rough ER

Answer 10

connects to nuclear envelope , studded with ribosomes making key function protein production

Question 11

Smooth ER

Answer 11

main function is manufacture of lipids

also plays part in detoxifying organic chemicals and converting to water soluble products

Question 12

what is ER dysfunction associated with

Answer 12

ageing

plays a role in degenerative diseases e.g Alzheimers, Parkinson’s

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

post office , further modifies, stores and packages proteins

connected to ER where it receives proteins from

Question 14

How to proteins leave the Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

in vesicles

Question 15

what disease sees mutations in the proteins making up the Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

muscular dystrophy

Question 16

vacuoles

Answer 16

storage areas

Question 17

vesicles

Answer 17

transport molecules

Question 18

lysosomes

Answer 18

large vesicles, contain destructive enzymes

Question 19

endomembrane system

Answer 19

everything in the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 20

mitochondria

Answer 20

powerhouse of the cell - site of ATP production

2 membranes - inner and outer

Question 21

cristae

Answer 21

folded surfaces of mitochondria inner membrane where ATP is generated

Question 22

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 22

maintains cell shape and anchors organelles

Question 23

what is the cytoskeleton made up of

Answer 23

microfilaments (actin monomer)
intermediate filament (fibrous subunit)
microtubule (tubular)