Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What are the bonds in nucleotides ( Phosphate to sugar)
Phosphodiester bonds
Differences between DNA and RNA
- Uracil instead of Thymine in RNA
- RNA is single stranded
- differenr sugars
What are the 3 types of RNA
mRNA - messenger RNA
tRNA - Transport RNA
rRNA - Ribosomal DNA
Width of DNA helix
- 0 nm wide
3. 4nm long (with 10 nucleotides)
Which bases are purines and pyrimidines and which are bigger
Purine: Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
PURINES ARE BIGGER
What is complementary base pairing
Hydrogen bonds between polynucleotides between bases, Purine always bonds with Pyrimidine becauss of size.
Adenine + Thymine / Uracil —> 2 H bonds
Guanine + Cytosine —-> 3 H bonds
DNA Replication stages
Stage 1 : DNA unwinds DNA helicase break H bonds
Stage 2: free nucleotide strands in nucleus align with complimentary base pairing
Stage 3: DNA polymerase join the nucleotides together
Why is DNA replication Semi conservative
One strand from Original DNA and one strand newely formed
An orginal strand acts as a template for the new strand
Why is complimentary base pairing important
Reduces occurance of mutation
Dna sequence replicated without error
What are 3 bases called and what does it code for
Codons, codes for one amino acid
Structure of ATP and ADP
Atp: Base adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphates
ADP: ADENINE, RIBOSE SUGAR, 2 PHOSPHATES
How to make adp
Atp + h20 = adp + phosphate + energy
Advantages of ATP compared to glucose
Releases energy in small manageable amounts
Breakdown of glucose is a series of reactions where as breskdown of ATP is 1 reaction (hydrolysis)
What is transcription and translation
Transcription:
Dna replication occurs, makes RNA short strand
DNA to mRNA - has uracil instead of Thymine
Translation- at ribosome, polypeptide chain made, only space for 6 amino acids from mRNA, between large subunit and small subunit, tRNA supplies anti codon
