Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the 3 types of Proteins and features
Globular:
- Compact, soluble, spherical shaped.
- Tertiary structure
- hydrophillic on the outside, so soluble
Fibrous:
- Long, insoluble
- high presence of hydrophobic R groups in primary structure
Conjugated:
- Are Globular proteins that contain a prosthetic group
- E.g. Haemoglobin Fe 2+
What are the 3 polysacharides and features
Amylose/Amtlopectin
- Alpha Glucose
- Carbohydrate storage in plants
- insoluble
- long coiled chain
- compact
Glycogen:
- Alpha Glucose
- Carbohydrate storage in Animals
- Insoluble, compact due to branching
Cellulose
- Beta Glucose
- Structural support
- Cross links
Structure of Alpha and beta glucose + polymer
Beta glucoss:
- OH above
- Bond by one turning upside down
Alpha Glucose:
- OH below
- O bonded to Ch2OH , making water
What are the 3 Disacharrides and how are they made
Maltose —> Glucose + Glucose
Lactose —-> Glucose + Galactose
Sucrose —-> Glucose + Fructose
What bond is formed when two monosacharrides join together
Glycosidic Bond via Oxygen
What are the properties of Water
- 104.5 bonding angle
- Polar slightly +ve and -ve charges
- Relatively high boiling point compared to same size molecules
- Cohesive - Molecules attracted to each other, moves as one mass
- less dense when solid than liquid
- Water coolant- Buffer temper changes
- Medium- Chemical reactions/ transport dissolved compounds in and out cell
- Surface tension supports small organisms
What are the 3 fibrous proteins and where are they found
Collagen- Found in skin, tendons, ligaments and nervous system
Keratin- Hair, skin, Nails
Elastin - Walls of blood vessels and alveoli of lungs
Provides resiliencr and elasticity to tissues and organs
3 Main proteins, structure and functions
Haemoglobin
- Conjugated protein
- Quaternanry structure
- two alpha and beta sub units
- Transporting oxgyen around the body
Enzyme
- Made up of amino acids linked together with peptide bonds
- Biological catalyst
Insulin
- Globular protein
- Soluble, Hormone
- have precise shapes as need to fit into receptors on cell surface membrane to have their effect
What is the test for Reducing sugars
1) Sample in test tube/ boiling tube
2) Equal volume of Benedicts Reagent
3) Heat—> water bath 5 minutes
4) Reducing sugars react with Cu 2+ ions
BLUE To Brick RED
What is the main non reducing sugar and how is it tested
Sucrose
- After negative benedicts test, boil with dilute HCL
- Conduct benedicts test 2nd time.
What is the Emulsions test for Lipids
Mix sample with Ethanol
Mix with water and shake
Emulsion forms
Turns white/ cloudy
(Stain sudan 111)
What is the test for starch (Hint: Iodine)
Few drops of iodine dissolved in potassium iodide mixed with sample
Solution turns yellow/ brown to black/ purple (if starch is present)
What is the Formula of RF
Distance moved by amino acid
—-‐———————————————–
Distance moved by solvent
What is a trigylceride and what bond is made between 2
1 glycerol
3 fatty acids
Ester bond: O – C. 3H20 formed
What is Phospholids structure and function (Modified trigylceride)
2 fatty acids + glycerol + Phosphate group
Hydrophillic and phobic, —-> circle is phillic
Play a role in cell membrane
