Nucleotides Flashcards
Free Science Lessons : DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis YouTube Video
What molecules is DNA built from?
Nucleotides
What 3 parts do nucleotides consist of:
1.
2.
3.
- A pentose sugar
- A nitrogenous base
- A phosphate group
What are nucleotides used to make?
DNA and RNA
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
Sugar
Bases
DNA has deoxyribose
RNA has ribose
DNA has bases (A-T, C-G)
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine- Guanine
RNA has bases
DNA has bases (A-U C-G)
Adenine - Uracil
Cytosine- Guanine
What is the structure and the name of the following bases:
Adenine and Guanine
These bases have a double ring structure and are called ‘purines’
What is the structure and the name of the following bases:
Thymine and Cytosine
These bases are have a single ring structure and are called ‘pyrimidines’
What are ‘purines’?
They are bases that have a double ringed structure
What are ‘pyrimidines’?
They are bases with a single ringed structure
What are polynucleotides?
A polymer of nucleotides
What are two examples of polynucleotides?
1.
2.
- DNA
- RNA
What is the bond between two nucleotides called?
A phosphodiester bond
Where is the phosphodiester bond formed specifically?
The bond is formed between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the** hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon 3 of the pentose sugar** of the other nucleotide
What is released when a phosphodiester bond is formed?
A water molecule is released
What reaction is made when a phosphodiester bond is formed?
A condensation reaction
What is added back when a phosphodiester bond is broken?
A water molecule is added back
What reaction is made when a phosphodiester bond is broken?
A hydrolysis reaction
What molecule is made when two nucleotides are bonded together?
Dinucleotide
