Nucleotides

Question 1

A molecule consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group; building block of nucleic acids.

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

Unbranched polymer composed of nucleotides; includes DNA and RNA.

Answer 2

Nucleic Acid

Question 3

Deoxyribonucleic Acid; stores genetic information in the nucleus.

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Ribonucleic Acid; translates genetic information into proteins.

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

Pair of nitrogenous bases bonded in DNA and RNA; A-T, G-C in DNA and A-U, G-C in RNA.

Answer 5

Base Pair

Question 6

Structural framework of nucleic acids, composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

Answer 6

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone

Question 7

Molecule containing nitrogen; adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil.

Answer 7

Nitrogenous Base

Question 8

Two nucleic acid strands held together by hydrogen bonds in a spiral shape.

Answer 8

Double Helix

Question 9

The sugar present in DNA.

Answer 9

Deoxyribose

Question 10

The sugar present in RNA.

Answer 10

Ribose

Question 11

DNA base that pairs with thymine.

Answer 11

Adenine

Question 12

DNA base that pairs with cytosine.

Answer 12

Guanine

Question 13

DNA base that pairs with adenine.

Answer 13

Thymine

Question 14

DNA base that pairs with guanine.

Answer 14

Cytosine

Question 15

RNA base that replaces thymine.

Answer 15

Uracil

Question 16

A portion of the DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein.

Answer 16

Gene

Question 17

The process of copying DNA into RNA.

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

The process of converting mRNA into proteins.

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

The synthesis of an identical DNA strand during cell division.

Answer 19

DNA Replication

Question 20

The basic unit of heredity, passed from parent to offspring.

Answer 20

Chromosome

Question 21

A set of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

Answer 21

Codon

Question 22

RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Answer 22

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 23

RNA molecule that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

Answer 23

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 24

RNA that forms part of the ribosome structure.

Answer 24

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 25

The alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.

Answer 25

Mutation

Question 26

A mutation that changes one nucleotide but does not alter the protein.

Answer 26

Silent Mutation

Question 27

A mutation that changes one nucleotide and results in a different amino acid.

Answer 27

Missense Mutation

Question 28

A mutation that changes a nucleotide, creating a stop codon and shortening the protein.

Answer 28

Nonsense Mutation

Question 29

Substitution of a purine for a purine or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine.

Answer 29

Transition Mutation

Question 30

Substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine or vice versa.

Answer 30

Transversion Mutation

Question 31

The entire set of genetic material in an organism.

Answer 31

Genome

Question 32

The study of how genes function and are inherited.

Answer 32

Molecular Genetics

Question 33

The process of using biological systems for technological applications.

Answer 33

Biotechnology

Question 34

The site where DNA replication begins.

Answer 34

Origin of Replication

Question 35

Enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication.

Answer 35

Helicase

Question 36

Enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands.

Answer 36

DNA Polymerase

Question 37

Enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication.

Answer 37

Primase

Question 38

Short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand.

Answer 38

Okazaki Fragments

Question 39

Enzyme that joins DNA fragments together.

Answer 39

DNA Ligase

Question 40

Region of DNA where transcription begins.

Answer 40

Promoter

Question 41

Region of DNA where transcription ends.

Answer 41

Terminator

Question 42

Process in eukaryotic cells that removes introns from RNA transcripts.

Answer 42

RNA Splicing

Question 43

Segment of DNA that does not code for proteins.

Answer 43

Intron

Question 44

Segment of DNA that codes for proteins.

Answer 44

Exon

Question 45

A codon that signals the end of translation.

Answer 45

Stop Codon

Question 46

A codon that signals the start of translation.

Answer 46

Start Codon

Question 47

Bond linking amino acids in a protein.

Answer 47

Peptide Bond

Question 48

A sequence of three bases on tRNA that pairs with a codon.

Answer 48

Anticodon

Question 49

The structural and functional units of proteins.

Answer 49

Amino Acids

Question 50

A ribosome’s site where tRNA delivers amino acids.

Answer 50

A-Site

Question 51

A ribosome’s site where peptide bonds are formed.

Answer 51

P-Site

Question 52

A ribosome’s site where tRNA exits.

Answer 52

E-Site

Question 53

A DNA sequence that affects the expression of genes.

Answer 53

Regulatory Element

Question 54

Enzyme that synthesizes RNA during transcription.

Answer 54

RNA Polymerase

Question 55

The triplet of bases in DNA that corresponds to a specific codon.

Answer 55

Template Strand