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AAA Biochemistry > Nucleotide > Flashcards

Nucleotide Flashcards

1
Q

Purine

A

Guanine
Adenine

PUR-GA

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2
Q

Pyrimidine

A

PyCUT

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

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3
Q

Nucleoside link

A

B N glycosidic bond

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4
Q

Purine vs pyrimidine

Ribose 5 phosphate first + ring

A

Purine

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5
Q

Purine vs pyrimidine

Ring first plus sugar

A

Pyrimidine

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6
Q

Sources of atom:

Purine

A 
Aspartic acid
Glutamine
Glycine
CO2
N10-formyl-THF & N5,N10-methenyl-THF
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7
Q

Sources of atom:

Pyrimidine

A

Glutamine
Aspartic acid
CO2

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8
Q 
5-PRPP synthesis
Substrates:(2)
Enzyme:
Regulation: 
Pi?
Purine?
A 
5-PRPP synthesis
Substrates: ATP & ribose 5 phosphate
Enzyme: PRPP synthetase
Regulation: 
Pi actives
Purine inhibits
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9
Q

Committed step in purine synthesis
Enzyme:
Regulation:
AMP, GMP, IMP?

A

5 phosphoribosylamine synthesis
Enzyme: Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase
Regulators: AMP, GMP, IMP inhibits

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10
Q

Parent purine nucleotide

A

Inosine monophosphare

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11
Q

of steps for IMP synthesis

A

9

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12
Q

Base for IMP

A

Hypoxanthine

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13
Q

IMP to AMPS (adenylosuccinate)
Enzyme?
Requires?

A

IMP to AMPS (adenylosuccinate)
Enzyme? Adenylosuccinate synthase
Requires? GTP, Mg

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14
Q

IMP to AMP

Enzyme?

A

Adenylosuccinase

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15
Q

IMP to XMP
Enzyme?
Requires?

A

IMP to XMP
Enzyme? IMP dehydrogenase
Requires? NAD

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16
Q

XMP to GMP
Enzyme?
Requires?

A

XMP to GMP
Enzyme? Transamidinase
Requires? Glutamine –> Glutamate

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17
Q

De Novo Purine synthesis

A 
PRPP
5-phosphoribosylamine
IMP
AMP
GMP
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18
Q 
Salvage pathways for purines:
Irreversible enzymes (2)
A

APRT

HGPRT

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19
Q 
CPS I vs II:
Mitochondria
Urea cycle
Ammonia
N-acetylglutamate activates
A

CPS I

20
Q 
CPS I vs II:
Cytosol
Pyrimidine
Y-amide group of glutamine
UTP inhibits
ATP activates
A

CPS II

21
Q

De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis:

Regulated and rate limiting step:
Enzyme:
Regulator:
UTP?
ATP and PRPP
A 
Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate
Enzyme: CPS II
Regulator:
UTP inhibits
ATP and PRPP activates
22
Q

De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis:

Synthesis of orotic acid.
Enzyme:

A

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

23
Q

Only step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis in mitochondria

A

Synthesis of orotic acid

24
Q

Parent pyrimidine nucleotide

A

Orotidine monophosphate

25
Q

De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis:

OMP to UMP
Enzyme?

A

OMP Decarboxylase

26
Q

De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis:

UTP to CTP
Enzyme?
Reqt?

A

CTP synthase

Glutamine

27
Q

De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis:

UDP to dUDP
Enzyme?
Reqt?

A

Ribonucleotide reductase

NADPH

28
Q

De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis:

dUMP to TMP

Enzyme?
Reqt?

A

Thymidylate synthase

N5N10 methylene THF

29
Q

Salvage-able pyrimidine:

A

Uridine & cytidine
Deoxycytidine
Thymidine

(Kinases for enzyme)

30
Q

Deoxy form to oxy ribonucleoside?
Enxyme?
Reverse of ribonucleotide reductase?

A

Thioredoxin reductase

31
Q

Enzyme?
Guanine to Guanylic Acid (GMP)
Hypoxanthine to Inosinic Acid (IMP)

A

HGPRT + PRPP

32
Q

Enzyme?

Adenine to adenylic acid

A

APRT + PRPP

33
Q

Enzymes:

Adenosine to Inosine

A

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)

34
Q

Enzymes:

Hypoxanthine to Xanthine to Uric Acid

A

Xanthine oxidase

35
Q

Products of pyrimidine degradation (2)

A

B-alanine. (–> acetyl coA)

B-aminoisobutyrate (–> succinyl coA)

36
Q

Ex of PABA Analogs

A

Sulfonamides

37
Q

Inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid

A

Sulfonamides

38
Q

Ex of folic acid analogs

A

Methotrexate

TMP

39
Q

Inhibit reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, catalayzed by dihydrofolate reductase

A

Folic acid analogs

Methotrexate, TMP

40
Q

X-linked recessive deficiency in HGPRT, causes a rise in intracellular PRPP and hyperuricemia

A

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome

41
Q

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome triad

A

Hyperuricemia
Mental retardation
Self-mutilation

42
Q

Leads to SCID (t and b lymphocytes affected)

High dATP –> inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and formation of deoxyribonucleotide

A

ADA deficiency

43
Q

Metabolically conveted to 5-FdUMP which becomes permanently bound to thymidylate synthase

A

5-fluorouracil

44
Q

Low activities of orotidine phosphate decarboxylase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

A

Orotic aciduria

45
Q

Orotic aciduria manifestations? (3)

A

Abnormal growth
Megaloblastic anemia
Orotate in urine

AAA Biochemistry (7 decks)

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