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genetics > Nucleotide > Flashcards

Nucleotide Flashcards

1
Q

Structural unit that building block of DNA and rna ?

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of nucleotides ?

A

Pentose sugar , nitrogenous base , phosphate (p)

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3
Q

Whan rna become DNA?

A

When we remove 1 oxygen from OH which is attached to C2\

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4
Q

Phosphate group attached to Carbone number ___ of sugar by ______ band

A

5
Phosphoester or Ester

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5
Q

If we remove phosphate group from nucleotide it become a new molecule called

A

Nucleoside (sugar + n - bade )

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6
Q

Nitrogen base contain

A

Purine base
Pyrimdine base

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7
Q

Purine base contain

A

Guanine & Adenine

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8
Q

Pyrimidine base contain

A

Uracil in rna
Thymine in DNA
Cytosine

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9
Q

Purine form ____ bond with sugar of carbon number ___ by N number ___

A

N-glycoside
1
9

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10
Q

Pyrimidine form ____ bond pentose with C number ___ by Nitrogen number ___

A

N-glycosidic
1
1

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11
Q

Adenine has amino group at ___

A

C6

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12
Q

Guanine has amino group at ___ and oxygen at ____

A

C 2 and C 6

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13
Q

If cytosine deaminated remove _____ ——> uracil

A

Amino group ( NH2) —> uracil

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14
Q

If uracil was methylated , add ____ at Carbone number _____ , –‐-> thymine

A

CH3
5

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15
Q

Phosphodiester bond contain how many Ester bond ?

A

2

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16
Q

Phosphate is mad of ____ bond

A

Covalent

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17
Q

The other name of triphosphate is ____

A

Nucleotide triphosphate

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18
Q

Why broking the tri phosphate is nessary?

A

Because it give off energy required to drive the enzymes catalyzed

19
Q

Name the 3 nucleases that hydrolyze phosphodiester

A

Endonulease
Exonuclease
Excinuclease

20
Q

Name the nuclease that cut phosphodiester bond twice?

A

Excinuclease

21
Q

A nuclease that give free nucleotide

A

Exonucleases

22
Q

Name the importance of nucleotide
SHCR

A

Rna and DNA synthesis
Hight energy source e.g ATP
coenzyme, FAD , NAD , CoA
REGULATORY function 2ry messenger cAMP

23
Q

What is the nucleoside form of cytosine

A

Cytidine

24
Q

(d.) Guanosine compose of
______&_______

A

Deoxyribose + guanine

25
Q

Why DNA is polar ?

A

Due to its - ve charge

26
Q

Phosphdiester is a bond between how many nucleotide ?

A

2

27
Q

how N-bases are written?

A

5’ pApCpT 3’
5’ACT3’

28
Q

What is chargaff rule ?

A

The study says that N-bases are complete each other
A=T
G=C
Total amount of purine = pyrimidine

29
Q

Adenine & thymine have 2 _______ atom that are bind ( نيجتسف اتوم) by 2 ___ bond

A

Electronegative
Hydrogen

30
Q

How many electronegative atom does Guanine & cytosine have ?

A

3

31
Q

What is the another name of B- form

A

WatsonCrick double helix model

32
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of Watson and crick form ?

A

$ Right handed double helix
$ 5’ end paired 3’ end (antiparallel)
$ spiral shape ( hydropholic is the backbone of the nucleotide )
(Hydrophobic is a stacked(hydrophobic interaction) base that are ptaoh )

Perpendicular to axis of helix

$ each turn of DNA helix contain 10 bases pair (3.4nm length, 1.9nm width )

$ minor and major grooves

33
Q

Factor stabilize DNA helix

A

Stacking interaction
Hydrophobic interaction between bases
Hydrogen bond

All these are non Covalent

34
Q

Descripe Z-form

A

Left handed helix
Zigzag
12 base pair each turn

35
Q

Where we found z form

A

Alternating purine & pyrimidine
E.g poly GCGCGCGC

36
Q

What are characteristics of A form

A

Right handed helix
11 bp/ turn

37
Q

A form is present in

A

DNA -RNA hybrids

38
Q

When DNA is folding , who stabilize this process ?

A

It’s is stabilized by 2 types of protein :
Histon
Non-histon

39
Q

Who is internuleosome ?

A

H1(linker histon)

40
Q

Link histon is from ____ to ____ BP DNA

A

20
200

41
Q

About (2/3/4/6) nucleosome are supercoiled (ملفوفة) to form chromatin

A

6

42
Q

The diameter of chromatin is ____ in diameter

A

30nm

43
Q

H1 is present in ___

A

Internucleosome
In between nucleosme

genetics (4 decks)

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