Nucleophiles, Electrophiles and Bond Fission

Question 1

What bond type is present in alkanes?

Answer 1

Single bonds only (sigma)

Question 2

What bond type is present in alkenes?

Answer 2

Single bonds (sigma) and a double bond (pi)

Question 3

What bond type is present in alkynes?

Answer 3

Single bonds and a triple bond. (one sigma and two pi)

Question 4

When do sigma bonds occur?

Answer 4

In the end on overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 5

When do pi bonds occur?

Answer 5

On side on overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 6

What is an sp3 hybrid?

Answer 6

The mixing of three p orbitals and one s orbitals.

Question 7

Where do sp3 hybrids occur?

Answer 7

Alkanes

Question 8

What is an sp2 hybrid?

Answer 8

The mixing of two p orbitals and one s orbital

Question 9

Where do sp2 hybrids occur?

Answer 9

Alkenes

Question 10

What is an sp hybrid?

Answer 10

The mixing of one s orbital and one p orbital

Question 11

Where do sp hybrids occur?

Answer 11

Alkynes

Question 12

What does a double headed curly arrow show?

Answer 12

The movement of electron pairs

Question 13

What does a single headed curly arrow show?

Answer 13

The movement of one electron

Question 14

What is the chain initiation?

Answer 14

WHere some molecules are broken into free radicals by homolytic fission

Question 15

What is the chain propagation?

Answer 15

One free radical enters the reaction and another is formed.

Question 16

What is the chain termination?

Answer 16

Two or more free radicals enter the reaction and none are formed.

Question 17

In homolytic fission do bonds break evenly or unevenly?

Answer 17

Evenly

Question 18

In homolytic fission do electrons split evenly or unevenly?

Answer 18

Evenly

Question 19

Does homolytic fission occur in non polar or polar molecules?

Answer 19

Non - polar

Question 20

In heterolytic fission do bonds break evenly or unevenly?

Answer 20

Unevenly

Question 21

In heterolytic fission do electrons split evenly or unevenly?

Answer 21

Unevenly - one gains both electrons and the other none

Question 22

Does heterolytic fission occur in non polar or polar molecules?

Answer 22

Polar

Question 23

Are electrophiles electron rich or electron deficient?

Answer 23

Deficient

Question 24

Are nucleophiles electron rich or electron deficient?

Answer 24

Rich

Question 25

What are electrophiles?

Answer 25

Molecules or positively charged ions which are capable of accepting an electron pair.

Question 26

What are nucleophiles?

Answer 26

Molecules or negatively charged ions which have at least one lone pair of electrons that they can donate and form dative bonds.

Question 27

What is a dative bond?

Answer 27

One atom provides both electrons in a covalent bond.