Nucleic Acids - The Molecular Basis Of Inheritance Flashcards
Three components of a nucleotide?
Deoxyribose
Phosphate group
Nitogenous base
Explain how the structure of DNA underpins replication
The combination of nitrogenous bases write the recipe for synthesis of molecules.
The process of replication including the role of enzymes
Multiple areas of replication along the double helix molecule at once, can split divide grow and move on. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that reads and creates a copy of the DNA, can only extend 5 to 3 end. Means one strand that is being copied is made in segments or fragments.
What are the 3 fundamental differences between RNA and DNA
- The 5 carbon sugar in RNA is ribose (with Oxygen) instead of deoxyribose(without oxygen).
- Uracil in place of thymine.
- single stranded molecule however can form double stranded regions.
What is the central Dogma
Th full recess from transcription of a gene on a double helix strand of DNA through to the translation of RNA into a new protein by a ribosome.
Transcription brief definition
DNA template strand replicated into a RNA replicate to be passed onto a ribosome.
Translation brief definition
Ribosome RNA reading the combination of nitrogenous bases on an mRNA to produce a protein from amino acid combinations specified by the mRNA and ultimately the DNA template strand.
DNA consist of three components
- Pentose (5 carbon sugar) - deoxyribose
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base purine(adenine and guanine) pyramidine (thymine,cytosine).
Difference between deoxyribose and ribose
Deoxyribose lacks an oxygen atom attached to the 2 Carbon.
Purine structure in DNA
Double ringed.
Pyrimidine structure.
Single ring
Semi conservative replication
One of the 2 strands of dna is used as a template for synthesis of new dna strand. The nature of the new dna strand is determined by the order of the base pairs in the template strand.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
RNA consists of 3 components?
- The 5 carbon auger Ribose
- Nitrogenous bases: adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine
- Phosphate group.
Three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
80% of all RNA, most of a ribosome is rRNA.
tRNA
Transfer RNA
Carries amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
mRNA
Messenger RNA
Template for protein synthesis, Carries the information from dna to rRNA.
DNA polymerase
The enzyme that synthesises the new DNA strand.
dNTPs
Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
Used as the source of nucleotides in DNA synthesis. The dNTP loses 2 phosphate groups when attached to the newly forming DNA strand, the dNTP is chosen from the opposing base on the template strand.
Histones
Protein that packs the DNA so that it fits neatly arranged in the nucleus
Each of the 20 amino acids has a corresponding……
tRNA
Translation
Process of RNA translating information from mRNA into the synthesis of a protein.
RNA synthesis occurs in what direction?
5’ to 3’ direction
