Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Agri Biotechnology > Intro To Cellular And Metabolic Bio chem > Flashcards

Intro To Cellular And Metabolic Bio chem Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic cells are: (3)

A
  • Cells of bacteria
  • Have no clearly defined cell walls
  • No clearly defined nucleus nor membrane bound organelles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Animal cells lack a…..

A

Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

A path of chemical communication for plants between adjacent cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phototroph

A

Produce energy from sunlight or photons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is biochemistry

A
  • Chemical basis of life

- molecules that occur in living systems and the chemical reactions that they are involved in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary metabolism molecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleus acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Saturated hydrocarbon contains ……….

When compared to unsaturated?

A

Only contain carbon - carbon single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alkanes are…… they have ……. Carbon bonds and the general molecular formula is…….: (3)

A
  • hydrocarbons
  • contain only single carbon bonds
  • CnH2n+2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an alkyl group?

A

A side chain/ functional group of an organic chemical that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structural isomers are

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alkane (halogen) Substitution reaction

A

Bonds in an alkane are broken and new bonds are formed between a carbon and a halogen atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alkenes general properties (4)

A
  • they have only carbon and hydrogen atoms and have atleast one double carbon-carbon bond
  • they are colourless
  • relatively low melting points
  • they are insoluble in water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When naming alkenes the numbering begins from the closest……

A

Double carbon bond end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When naming alkanes the numbering begins from the closest ……..

A

functional group end, giving that functional group the lowest possible number.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benzene properties

A
  • aromatic molecule

- does not behave as if it has three single and three double bonds, but behaves as if all carbon bonds are the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Properties of Hydroxyl

A

Hydrogen bonding ability. Alcohol group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Properties of Aldehyde

A

Reactivity of varying types, O double covalent bond to C, forms after alcohol oxidation. -CHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Properties of Ketone

A

Similar properties to aldehyde but not as reactive, formed through oxidation of secondary alcohols. CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The Properties of Carboxyl

A

Hydrogen bonding and acidic properties, -COOH

20
Q

The Properties of Methyl

A

Hydrophibic

21
Q

The Properties of Ethyl

A

Hydrophobic

22
Q

The Properties of Phenyl

A

Aromatic properties

23
Q

The Properties of Esters

A

Extension of structure through an oxygen bridge, when a carboxylic forms with an alcohol. Condensation reaction

24
Q

The Properties of Ether

A

Another way of using oxygen to extend covalent structure, C-O-C bonds.

25
Q

The Properties of Amino

A

Hydrogen bonding and basic properties

26
Q

The Properties of Amido

A

Hydrogen bonding ability

27
Q

The properties of Sulphydryl

A

Ability to form links through disulphide bonds

28
Q

The properties of Disulphide

A

Extension of structure through a disulphide bridge

29
Q

Bulk Elements (10)

A

Na, K, H, Ca, C, N, O, P, S, Cl

30
Q

Trace Elements (9 +)

A

Mg, Mn, fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zn, Se etc.

31
Q

Primary alcohol

A
  • OH group attached to a carbon that has one other bond to a carbon.
32
Q

secondary alcohol

A
  • OH group attached to a carbon that has bonds to 2 seperate carbon atoms.
33
Q

tertiary alcohol

A
  • OH group attached to a carbon that has bonds to 3 seperate carbon atoms.
34
Q

naming/numbering carbons in alcohols

A

must number with the OH group as the lowest possible number.

35
Q

COOH

A

carboxylic acid group (ic)

36
Q

OH

A

Alcohol

37
Q

C-O-C

A

Ether

38
Q

-CHO (double bond between C and O

A

(Al)dehyde (al)

39
Q

-RRCO or -CO (double bond)

A

Ket(one) (naming one)

40
Q

-COO (one O bond is double)

A

Ester (ate)

41
Q

-NH2

A

amino (amine)

42
Q

Amino acids contain

A

an amino group NH2 and a carboxylic acid group. COOH

43
Q

Metabolism can be devided into 2 components:

A

anabolism and catabolism

44
Q

anabolism

A

describes building up or synthetic processes

45
Q

catabolism describes

A

breaking down or degradative processes.

46
Q

four general categories that require energy for cells to function…

A
  1. for synthesis of new chemical bonds.
  2. transport of molecules or ions against concentration gradients.
  3. movement (musculoskeletal or circulation)
  4. maintenance of equilibrium (temp etc.)
47
Q

Compartmentalisation in the cell,

A

the way organelles in eukaryotic cells live and work in separate areas within the cell in order to perform their specific functions more efficiently

Agri Biotechnology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions