NUCLEIC ACIDS pt.2

Question 1

these molecules act as intermediaries to deliver amino acids to mRNA

Answer 1

tRNA molecules

Question 2

what are the important features of the tRNA structure?

Answer 2

1. 3’ end of trna - where amcid is bonded
2. anticodon - loop opposite to the open edn of tRNA comprises 7 unpaired bases

Question 3

how many unpaired bases constitute the anticodon?

Answer 3

3 (nucleotide sequence

Question 4

process in which mRNA codons are deciphered & protein mol is synthesized

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

an rRNA protein complex that is the site for translation phase

Answer 5

Ribosome

Question 6

in a ribosome structure, how many rRNA molecules & proteins in the 2 sub units?

Answer 6

4 MOL & 80 PROT

Question 7

where is the active site located in the ribosome?

Answer 7

ribosomal subunit

Question 8

5 steps of translation:

Answer 8

Activation of tRNA
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Post-translational processing

Question 9

during this step, the tRNA attaches itself to the P site

Answer 9

Initiation

Question 10

during this step, trna attaches itself to A site

Answer 10

Elongation

Question 11

what is formed under the influence of peptidyl transferase?

Answer 11

Dipeptide

Question 12

during this step, the polypeptide continues to grow via translocation till stop codon occurs

Answer 12

Termination

Question 13

during this step the protein is redndered fully

Answer 13

Post-translational processing

Question 14

during this step, the amcid interacts with activator molecule

Answer 14

Activation of tRNA

Question 15

what enzyme effects linking of p site amcid and a site amcid

Answer 15

peptidyl transferase

Question 16

whats is removed in the post-translation processing

Answer 16

Methionine

Question 17

what is a complex of an mRNA and several ribosomes

Answer 17

Polyribosome

Question 18

an error in base sequence in a gene that is reproduced during DNA replication

Answer 18

Mutation

Question 19

when is altered genetic info passed on?

Answer 19

transcription

Question 20

this mutation is where one base in a DNA base sequence is replaced with another base

Answer 20

Point mutation

Question 21

this mutation inserts or deletes a base in DNA molecule

Answer 21

Frameshift Mutation

Question 22

a substance or agent that causes a change in structure of a gene

Answer 22

Mutagens

Question 23

2 types of mutagens

Answer 23

Radiation
Chemical agents

Question 24

these enzymes identify mutated change

Answer 24

Repair enzymes

Question 25

these are disease causing agents with outer coat of protein

Answer 25

Viruses

Question 26

viruses invade what cells

Answer 26

host cells

Question 27

virus can produce hundreds of new viruses within?

Answer 27

30 minutes

Question 28

the process where an organism is changed at molecular level to exhibit diff traits

Answer 28

Genetic engineering

Question 29

this where DNA possess genetic material from 2 diff organism

Answer 29

Recombinant DNA

Question 30

this is the process of incorporating recombinant DNA into a host cell

Answer 30

Transformation

Question 31

identical DNA descended from a single cell

Answer 31

Clones

Question 32

clones can sythesise proteins by its?

Answer 32

foreign gene

Question 33

this is a method for rapidly producing multiple copies of a DNA nucleotide sequence

Answer 33

Polymerase Chain Reaction