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BIOCHEM > NUCLEIC ACIDS pt.1 > Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACIDS pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

These are molecules responsible for information in making cells

A

Nucleic acids

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2
Q

Are nucleic acids acidic in nature?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Nucleic acid is an unbranched polymer which its monomer units are what?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

What are two types of nucleic acids

A

DNA & RNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid & Ribonucleic acids)

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5
Q

What type of nucleic acids are found in cell nucleus and store and transfer genetic info. from existing cells to new cells during cell divisions

A

DNA

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6
Q

What type of nucleic acid occur in all parts of a cell and synthesize proteins

A

RNA

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7
Q

Ribose is present in?

A

RNA

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8
Q

What are the components of a nucleotide

A

Pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Heterocyclic base

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9
Q

There are how many total nitrogen-containing bases?

A

5 (3 pyrimidine & 2 purine)

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10
Q

What are the 3 pyrimidine derivatives

A

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

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11
Q

What are the 2 purine derivatives

A

Adenine & Guanine

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12
Q

What are the derivatives that are found in both DNA & RNA

A

adenine, guanine, cytosine

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13
Q

What derivative is found only in RNA

A

Uracil

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14
Q

What derivative is found only in DNA

A

Thymine

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15
Q

What do you call the 3rd component of a nucleotide and is derived from phosphoric acid

A

Phosphate

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16
Q

what is the correct 2 step process in nucleotide formation?

A
  1. pentose sugar & nitrogenous base react to form nucleoside
  2. nucleoside reacts with phosphate group to form nucleotide
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17
Q

what formation in which a 2-subunit molecule which pentose sugar bonds to a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base?

A

Nucleoside formation

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18
Q

In nucleoside formation, the base is attached to what?

A

to the carbon1 position of the sugar.

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19
Q

What linkage is present in nucleoside formation?

A

B -N-glycosidic linkage

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20
Q

How many nucleosides are associated with nucleic acid chemistry?

A

8 (4 RNA nucleosides & 4 DNA nucleosides)

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21
Q

T/F: there are no prefix used when the sugar present is ribose

A

True

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22
Q

What formation in which a phosphate group is added to a nucleoside

A

Nucleotide formation

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23
Q

In phosphate addition, the phosphate is attached to?

A

Carbon 5 position and then water is released

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24
Q

What percentage of adenine and thymine does a human contain

A

30%

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25
Q

What percentage of cytosine and guanine does a human contain?

A

20%

26
Q

What strand is coiled around in a DNA

A

polynucleotide

27
Q

DNA are connected by what

A

Hydrogen bonds

28
Q

A pyrimidine is always paired with a?

A

Purine

29
Q

what do you call when the DNA helix is unwinding / constantly moving

A

Replication fork

30
Q

what enzyme influence the unwinding of the DNA double helix?

A

DNA Helicase

31
Q

what dna ensures correct base pairing and catalyzes formation of phosphodiester linkages

A

DNA Polymerase

32
Q

new dna strand is called?

A

Daughter strand

33
Q

What do you call when the other strand grows in segments in the opposite direction?

A

Okazaki fragments

34
Q

What DNA connects the segments in the replication of dna mol

A

DNA ligase

35
Q

These are formed by the interaction of newly-replicated DNA molecules with histones

A

Chromosomes

36
Q

Chromosomes are about ___% by mass DNA and ___% by mass protein

A

15% & 85%

37
Q

What are phases of protein synthesis

A

Translation & transcription

38
Q

In a RNA molecule, thymine is replaced by?

A

Uracil

39
Q

Which molecule is a double stranded helix?

A

DNA molecule

40
Q

Which molecule have smaller molecules

A

RNA molecule

41
Q

types of RNA molecules

A

Heterogeneous nuclear
Messenger
Small nuclear
Ribosomal
Transfer

42
Q

this type of RNA is formed by DNA transcription

A

Heterogenous nuclear

43
Q

this type of RNA facilittates conversion of hnRNA TO mRNA

A

small nuclear

44
Q

this type of RNA delivers amino acids to sites

A

Transfer

45
Q

Process in which DNA directs synthesis of hnRNA molecules by 2 step process

A

Transcription

46
Q

2 step process of transcription:

A

hnRNA is sythesised - hnRNA is edited to yield mRNA

47
Q

What do you call the segment of DNA strans responsible for the production of a specific hnRNA molecule

A

Gene

48
Q

Human genes comprise how many nucleotide units?

A

1000-3500

49
Q

these are all genetic material contained in the chromosomes of an organism

A

Genome

50
Q

steps in transcription process:

A
  1. unwind dna double helix governed (by RNA polymerase ; expose sequence)
  2. free ribonucleotides & exposed dna strands form new base pairs
  3. influence of RNA polymerase
  4. transcription encounters stop signal (new rna are released
51
Q

what strand of DNA is used for hnRNA synthesis?

A

template strand

52
Q

what do you call the non template strand?

A

informational strand

53
Q

this is the excision of introns and joining of exons

A

Splicing

54
Q

a gene segment that conveys codes for genetic info

A

Exon

55
Q

A dna segment that does not convey genetic info

A

Intron

56
Q

this is a process of producing diff proteins from a single gene

A

Alternative splicing

57
Q

this acknowledges biochemical complexity

A

Transcriptome

58
Q

what do you the three-nucleotide sequences in mRNA molecule

A

Codon (64 in total)

59
Q

this is the assignment of the 64 mRNA codons

A

Genetic code

60
Q

3 of the 64 codons are called?

A

termination codons

BIOCHEM (8 decks)

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