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BIOCHEM > NUCLEIC ACIDS pt.1 > Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACIDS pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

These are molecules responsible for information in making cells

A

Nucleic acids

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2
Q

Are nucleic acids acidic in nature?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Nucleic acid is an unbranched polymer which its monomer units are what?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

What are two types of nucleic acids

A

DNA & RNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid & Ribonucleic acids)

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5
Q

What type of nucleic acids are found in cell nucleus and store and transfer genetic info. from existing cells to new cells during cell divisions

A

DNA

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6
Q

What type of nucleic acid occur in all parts of a cell and synthesize proteins

A

RNA

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7
Q

Ribose is present in?

A

RNA

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8
Q

What are the components of a nucleotide

A

Pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Heterocyclic base

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9
Q

There are how many total nitrogen-containing bases?

A

5 (3 pyrimidine & 2 purine)

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10
Q

What are the 3 pyrimidine derivatives

A

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

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11
Q

What are the 2 purine derivatives

A

Adenine & Guanine

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12
Q

What are the derivatives that are found in both DNA & RNA

A

adenine, guanine, cytosine

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13
Q

What derivative is found only in RNA

A

Uracil

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14
Q

What derivative is found only in DNA

A

Thymine

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15
Q

What do you call the 3rd component of a nucleotide and is derived from phosphoric acid

A

Phosphate

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16
Q

what is the correct 2 step process in nucleotide formation?

A
  1. pentose sugar & nitrogenous base react to form nucleoside
  2. nucleoside reacts with phosphate group to form nucleotide
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17
Q

what formation in which a 2-subunit molecule which pentose sugar bonds to a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base?

A

Nucleoside formation

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18
Q

In nucleoside formation, the base is attached to what?

A

to the carbon1 position of the sugar.

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19
Q

What linkage is present in nucleoside formation?

A

B -N-glycosidic linkage

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20
Q

How many nucleosides are associated with nucleic acid chemistry?

A

8 (4 RNA nucleosides & 4 DNA nucleosides)

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21
Q

T/F: there are no prefix used when the sugar present is ribose

A

True

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22
Q

What formation in which a phosphate group is added to a nucleoside

A

Nucleotide formation

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23
Q

In phosphate addition, the phosphate is attached to?

A

Carbon 5 position and then water is released

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24
Q

What percentage of adenine and thymine does a human contain

A

30%

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25
What percentage of cytosine and guanine does a human contain?
20%
26
What strand is coiled around in a DNA
polynucleotide
27
DNA are connected by what
Hydrogen bonds
28
A pyrimidine is always paired with a?
Purine
29
what do you call when the DNA helix is unwinding / constantly moving
Replication fork
30
what enzyme influence the unwinding of the DNA double helix?
DNA Helicase
31
what dna ensures correct base pairing and catalyzes formation of phosphodiester linkages
DNA Polymerase
32
new dna strand is called?
Daughter strand
33
What do you call when the other strand grows in segments in the opposite direction?
Okazaki fragments
34
What DNA connects the segments in the replication of dna mol
DNA ligase
35
These are formed by the interaction of newly-replicated DNA molecules with histones
Chromosomes
36
Chromosomes are about ___% by mass DNA and ___% by mass protein
15% & 85%
37
What are phases of protein synthesis
Translation & transcription
38
In a RNA molecule, thymine is replaced by?
Uracil
39
Which molecule is a double stranded helix?
DNA molecule
40
Which molecule have smaller molecules
RNA molecule
41
types of RNA molecules
Heterogeneous nuclear Messenger Small nuclear Ribosomal Transfer
42
this type of RNA is formed by DNA transcription
Heterogenous nuclear
43
this type of RNA facilittates conversion of hnRNA TO mRNA
small nuclear
44
this type of RNA delivers amino acids to sites
Transfer
45
Process in which DNA directs synthesis of hnRNA molecules by 2 step process
Transcription
46
2 step process of transcription:
hnRNA is sythesised - hnRNA is edited to yield mRNA
47
What do you call the segment of DNA strans responsible for the production of a specific hnRNA molecule
Gene
48
Human genes comprise how many nucleotide units?
1000-3500
49
these are all genetic material contained in the chromosomes of an organism
Genome
50
steps in transcription process:
1. unwind dna double helix governed (by RNA polymerase ; expose sequence) 2. free ribonucleotides & exposed dna strands form new base pairs 3. influence of RNA polymerase 4. transcription encounters stop signal (new rna are released
51
what strand of DNA is used for hnRNA synthesis?
template strand
52
what do you call the non template strand?
informational strand
53
this is the excision of introns and joining of exons
Splicing
54
a gene segment that conveys codes for genetic info
Exon
55
A dna segment that does not convey genetic info
Intron
56
this is a process of producing diff proteins from a single gene
Alternative splicing
57
this acknowledges biochemical complexity
Transcriptome
58
what do you the three-nucleotide sequences in mRNA molecule
Codon (64 in total)
59
this is the assignment of the 64 mRNA codons
Genetic code
60
3 of the 64 codons are called?
termination codons

BIOCHEM (8 decks)

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